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Zobrazeno: 3181-3210 z celkem 3470 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec Beyond Good and Evil
Anotace: Beyond Good and Evil confirmed Nietzsche's position as the towering European philosopher of his age. The work dramatically rejects the tradition of Western thought with its notions of truth and God, good and evil. Nietzsche demonstrates that the Christian world is steeped in a false piety and infected with a 'slave morality'. With wit and energy, he turns from this critique to a philosophy that celebrates the present and demands that the individual imposes their own 'will to power' upon the world. Charles Darwin
The Voyage of the Beagle
Anotace: When the Beagle sailed out of Devonport on 27 December 1831, Charles Darwin was twenty-two and setting off on the voyage of a lifetime. Charles Darwin
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
Anotace: Published in 1872, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals was a book at the very heart of Darwin's research interests - a central pillar of his 'human' series. This book engaged some of the hardest questions in the evolution debate, and it showed the ever-cautious Darwin at his boldest. If Darwin had one goal with Expression, it was to demonstrate the power of his theories for explaining the origin of our most cherished human qualities: morality and intellect. As Darwin explained, "He who admits, on general grounds, that the structure and habits of all animals have been gradually evolved, will look at the whole subject of Expression in a new and interesting light." Charles Darwin
On the Origin of Species
Anotace: The Origin of Species laid the foundation of evolutionary biology as early as 1859. Extraordinarily well written, the book doesn’t only explain evolution in an instructive and accessible manner, it also includes fascinating stories about how the process of natural selection occurs in the animal and plant kingdoms. The Psychology of Socialism
Anotace: First published in 1899 during a period of crisis for French democracy, The Psychology of Socialism details Le Bon's view of socialism and radicalism primarily as religious movements. The emotionalism and hysteria of the period―especially as manifested during the Dreyfuss Affair―convinced Le Bon that most political controversy is based neither on reasoned deliberation nor rational interest, but on a psychology that partakes of contatgion andhysteria. Le Bon points to the irrationality of religion and uses the religiosity of socialism to debunk socialism as an irrational movement based on hatred and jealousy. The Psychology of Revolution
Anotace: Gustave Le Bon (1841–1931) disparaged the Revolution and the revolutionary legacy because he distrusted the common person, particularly when making collective decisions. His analysis of revolutionary crowds pictured them as primitive animals devoid of good decision–making abilities who had to be reigned in by a "strong man" or dictatorial figure. The Crowd
A Study of the Popular Mind
Anotace: One of the most influential works of social psychology in history, The Crowd was highly instrumental in creating this field of study by analyzing, in detail, mass behavior. The book had a profound impact not only on Freud but also on such twentieth-century masters of crowd control as Hitler and Mussolini — both of whom may have used its observations as a guide to stirring up popular passions. In the author's words, "The masses have never thirsted after the truth. Whoever can supply them with illusions is easily their master; whoever attempts to destroy their illusions is always their victim."Although the volume focuses on crowd psychology, it is also brilliantly instructive on the effects of the generally accepted beliefs of a nation's citizenry on the processes of history. Among the topics covered here are general characteristics and mental unity of the crowd; the crowd's sentiments and morality; its ideas, reasoning power, and imagination; opinions and beliefs of crowds and the means used by leaders to persuade; classification of crowds, including criminal and electrical assemblages, as well as the functioning of criminal juries and parliamentary assemblies.A must-read volume for students of history, sociology, law, and psychology, The Crowd will also be invaluable to politicians, statesmen, investors, and marketing managers. "Any study of crowd behavior, popular psychology, fascism, etc. would do well to begin with Le Bon's work." — Anson Rabinbach, Professor of History, Princeton University George Berkeley
The Querist
Anotace: In the years 1735–1737, first in Dublin and subsequently in London, an Irish philosopher George Berkeley (1685–1752) published The Querist, a three-piece treatise on economics. In 1750–1752, new editions which appeared in Dublin, Glasgow, and London followed, slightly modied. The popularity of the work can be ascribed to its actual topic – the Que-rist depicted the disastrous economic situation in Ireland and pointed at possible improvements. George Berkeley
The Analyst
Anotace: George Berkeley's work, “The analyst,” is a criticism of the calculus, in both its Newtonian and Leibnizian formulations, arguing that the foundations of the calculus are incoherent and the reasoning employed in it is inconsistent. Berkeley's powerful objections provoked numerous responses, and the task of replying to them set the agenda for much of British mathematics in the 1730s and 1740s. George Berkeley is best known for his contributions in philosophy, and more specifically for denying the existence of matter and propounding the idealistic thesis that only minds and ideas exist, so that in the case of “sensible objects” esse est percipi, or to be is to be perceived. The Principles failed to be the success for which Berkeley had hoped. Avoiding any talk of motion or acceleration, he worked out an approach to fluxions that considers only finite differences of magnitudes and bears a surprisingly strong resemblance to the modern view of the calculus. Although Paman's work was little read, both he and Maclaurin provided responses to the analyst that show Berkeley was right about fundamental obscurities in the calculus while also indicating how to overcome them. Letters of Abelard and Heloise
Anotace: Through the letters between Abelard and Heloise, we follow the path of their 12th-century romance, from its reckless and ecstatic beginnings when Heloise became Abelard's pupil, through the suffering of public scandal and enforced secret marriage, to their eventual separation. George Berkeley
A Treatise Concerning The Principles of Human Knowledge
Anotace: If a tree falls in the forest and no one is present to hear it, does it make a sound? It does not, according to George Berkeley. Originally published in 1710, this landmark of Western philosophy introduced a revolutionary concept: immaterialism, which asserts that to be is to perceive or be perceived. George Berkeley
A Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics
Anotace: Berkeley’s 1735 A Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics responds to criticism of The Analyst. Berkeley emphasizes his interest in Truth, as he sees it, as opposed to the interest in Authority of the Infidel/atheist Mathematician. He asserts that the issue is not whether the “Method of Fluxions” is functionally useful, but whether the concepts in it are conceivable and solid, or whether mathematicians essentially accept it on faith based in its usefulness and in the reputation of Newton. Člověk jako osoba
Anotace: Předkládaná kniha je souhrnem úvah k tématu filosofické antropologie, jež autor původně přednesl v rámci přednáškových kurzů pro budoucí učitele a vychovatele na Karlově univerzitě v Praze. Sestává ze tří částí, které se liší hlediskem i metodou. První část shrnuje to nejdůležitější, co o člověku a jeho vývoji říkají různé dílčí vědy o člověku, počínaje fyzickou antropologií přes etologii, embryologii, etnologii, psychologii, sociologii až po jazykovědu a kulturní antropologii. Zahrnuje tedy to, co lze o člověku a jeho vývoji konstatovat a doložit vědeckou, tj. objektivující metodou. Usiluje přitom hlavně o to, uvést výsledky a názory různých věd o člověku do souvislostí, které snad umožní porozumět povaze člověka hlouběji. Druhá část je naproti tomu věnována soustavnému výkladu naší lidské zkušenosti, tedy mé vlastní zkušenosti se sebou samým. Všímá si věcí, které „všichni víme“, věcí, které není možné nijak dokázat – leda právě odvoláním na naši společnou zkušenost. Výklad je tu tedy převážně filosofický a fenomenologický. Také třetí část je převážně filosofická: všímá si toho, jak se setkáváme s druhými lidmi. Je totiž pro člověka charakteristické, že se stává osobou právě jen v jakési oklice, že se k sobě dostává oklikou přes druhého. Jako se člověk rodí jen přičiněním jiných, stává se sám sebou zprvu pouze tak, že „napodobuje“ rodiče a sourozence, učí se přebírat, vstupovat do jejich rolí. Pokud se výchova podaří, přijde okamžik, kdy dosavadní dítě zjistí, že už to nepotřebuje – a stane se tak dospělým člověkem. The Philosophy of History
Anotace: Hegel wrote this classic as an introduction to a series of lectures on the "philosophy of history" — a novel concept in the early nineteenth century. With this work, he created the history of philosophy as a scientific study. He reveals philosophical theory as neither an accident nor an artificial construct, but as an exemplar of its age, fashioned by its antecedents and contemporary circumstances, and serving as a model for the future. The author himself appears to have regarded this book as a popular introduction to his philosophy as a whole, and it remains the most readable and accessible of all his philosophical writings. Eschewing the methods of original history (written during the period in question) and reflective history (written after the period has passed), Hegel embraces philosophic history, which employs a priori philosophical thought to interpret history as a rational process. Reason rules history, he asserts, through its infinite freedom (being self-sufficient, it depends on nothing beyond its own laws and conclusions) and power (through which it forms its own laws). Hegel argues that all of history is caused and guided by a rational process, and God's seemingly unknowable plan is rendered intelligible through philosophy. The notion that reason rules the world, he concludes, is both necessary to the practice of philosophic history and a conclusion drawn from that practice. Philosophy of Right
Anotace: 'Hegel's Philosophy of Right' concerns ideas on justice, moral responsibility, family life, economic activity and the political structure of the state. He shows how human freedom involves living with others in accordance with publicly recognized rights and laws. Friedrich Schiller
History of the Thirty Years War in Germany
Anotace: The Thirty Years War: Friedrich Schiller’s classic history of the savage war of religion that devastated Germany and tore apart the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church during the years 1618 to 1648. It was the time of Gustavus Adolphus, the Hapsburg Emperor Ferdinand II, Cardinal Richelieu, Albrecht von Wallenstein, terrible battles, starvation, social collapse, and intolerable suffering.Friederich Schiller (1759 to 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and playwright. In this work, Schiller provides a perceptive description of how a religious war became a political war which forever transformed the politics of Europe. Epikúros
Principal Doctrines
Anotace: The Principal Doctrines (Kyriai doxai, sometimes Kyriai doxiai) are forty authoritative conclusions set up as official doctrines by the founders of Epicureanism: Epicurus of Samos, Metrodorus of Lampsacus, Hermarchus of Mitilene and Polyaenus of Lampsacus. The first four doctrines make up the Tetrapharmakos (Four Cures), which have sometimes been compared to Buddhism's Four Noble Truths. Epikúros
Letter to Menoeceus
Anotace: In his letter to Menoeceus, Epicurus offers a summary of his ethical system. Boethius
The Consolation of Philosophy
Anotace: Boethius was an eminent public figure under the Gothic emperor Theodoric, and an exceptional Greek scholar. When he became involved in a conspiracy and was imprisoned in Pavia, it was to the Greek philosophers that he turned. The Consolation was written in the period leading up to his brutal execution. It is a dialogue of alternating prose and verse between the ailing prisoner and his 'nurse' Philosophy. Her instruction on the nature of fortune and happiness, good and evil, fate and free will, restore his health and bring him to enlightenment. The Consolation was extremely popular throughout medieval Europe and his ideas were influential on the thought of Chaucer and Dante. Baruch Spinoza
A Theologico-Political Treatise
Anotace: Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise (1670) is one of the most important philosophical works of the early modern period. In it Spinoza discusses at length the historical circumstances of the composition and transmission of the Bible, demonstrating the fallibility of both its authors and its interpreters. He argues that free enquiry is not only consistent with the security and prosperity of a state but actually essential to them, and that such freedom flourishes best in a democratic and republican state in which individuals are left free while religious organizations are subordinated to the secular power. His Treatise has profoundly influenced the subsequent history of political thought, Enlightenment 'clandestine' or radical philosophy, Bible hermeneutics, and textual criticism more generally. Confessions
Anotace: Heartfelt, incisive, and timeless, The Confessions of Saint Augustine has captivated readers for more than fifteen hundred years. Retelling the story of his long struggle with faith and ultimate conversion -- the first such spiritual memoir ever recorded -- Saint Augustine traces a story of sin, regret, and redemption that is both deeply personal and, at the same time, universal. Marek Němec
Výuka JavaScriptu
Anotace: JavaScript je skriptovací jazyk založený na programovacím jazyku JAVA. JavaScript může být spuštěn na straně klienta (client-side) nebo serveru (server-side). V knize čtenář nalezne informace pouze o tvorbě JavaScriptu na straně klienta (client-side), kdy se kód nachází v HTML dokumentu a je realizován v internetovém prohlížeči, tj. kód se přenese spolu s HTML dokumentem z webové stránky a váš prohlížeč ho spustí a vykoná. Peter Zeihan
The End of the World is Just the Beginning
Mapping the Collapse of Globalization
Anotace: For generations, everything has been getting faster, better, and cheaper. Finally, we reached the point that almost anything you could ever want could be sent to your home within days - even hours - of when you decided you wanted it. The Rest of the Robots
Anotace: Isaac Asimov’s ROBOT series – from the iconic collection I, Robot to four classic novels – contains some of the most influential works in the history of science fiction. Establishing and testing the Three Laws of Robotics, they continue to shape the understanding and design of artificial intelligence to this day. How could robots be used in a time of war? Could a robot be raised like a child? Could we allow them to have children of their own? Is there any human profession that could never be performed by a robotic replacement? In The Rest of the Robots, robopsychologist Dr. Susan Calvin and engineers Powell and Donovan return to investigate many more puzzling anomalies and catastrophic malfunctions. With characteristic wit, foresight and imagination, Asimov’s stories uncover the practical and ethical issues humanity will encounter in a robotic future. Selected Essays
Volume II
Anotace: Second volume of the essays of Plutarch. Topics
Anotace: The Topics constitutes Aristotle’s treatise on the art of dialectic—the invention and discovery of arguments in which the propositions rest upon commonly held opinions or endoxa .Topoi are “places” from which such arguments can be discovered or invented. The Athenian Constitution
Anotace: Probably written by a student of Aristotle, The Athenian Constitution is both a history and an analysis of Athens' political machinery between the seventh and fourth centuries BC, which stands as a model of democracy at a time when city-states lived under differing kinds of government. The writer recounts the major reforms of Solon, the rule of the tyrant Pisistratus and his sons, the emergence of the democracy in which power was shared by all free male citizens, and the leadership of Pericles and the demagogues who followed him. He goes on to examine the city's administration in his own time - the council, the officials and the judicial system. For its information on Athens' development and how the democracy worked, The Athenian Constitution is an invaluable source of knowledge about the Athenian city-state. Rhetoric
Anotace: "It is simplicity that makes the uneducated more effective than the educated when addressing popular audiences." ARISTOTLE'S RHETORIC is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the 4th century BC. Aristotle is generally credited with developing the basics of the system of rhetoric that "thereafter served as its touchstone", influencing the development of rhetorical theory from ancient through modern times. The Rhetoric is regarded by most rhetoricians as "the most important single work on persuasion ever written." Politics
Anotace: In his Politics, Aristotle describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing about the virtuous life in the citizenry. The Politics also provides analysis of the kinds of political community that existed in his time and shows where and how these cities fall short of the ideal community of virtuous citizens. Although in some ways we have clearly moved beyond his thought (for example, his belief in the inferiority of women and his approval of slavery in at least some circumstances), there remains much in Aristotle’s philosophy that is valuable today. In particular, his views on the connection between the well-being of the political community and that of the citizens who make it up, his belief that citizens must actively participate in politics if they are to be happy and virtuous, and his analysis of what causes and prevents revolution within political communities have been a source of inspiration for many contemporary theorists, especially those unhappy with the liberal political philosophy promoted by thinkers such as John Locke and John Stuart Mill. Poetics
Anotace: The Poetics is in part Aristotle's response to his teacher, Plato, who argues in The Republic that poetry is representation of mere appearances and is thus misleading and morally suspect. Aristotle's approach to the phenomenon of poetry is quite different from Plato's. Fascinated by the intellectual challenge of forming categories and organizing them into coherent systems, Aristotle approaches literary texts as a natural scientist, carefully accounting for the features of each "species" of text. Rather than concluding that poets should be banished from the perfect society, as does Plato, Aristotle attempts to describe the social function, and the ethical utility, of art. Zobrazeno: 3181-3210 z celkem 3470 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec
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