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Zobrazeno: 1041-1070 z celkem 3508 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec Thoughts Out of Season, Part I
On the Future of Our Educational Institutions, Homer and Classical Philology
Anotace: "On the Future of Our Educational Institutions" was written by Friedrich Nietzsche, who is most famous to students of philosophy for stating that God was dead. Friedrich Nietzsche's influence had a lasting effect in many areas of study. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher and philologist. "On the Future of Our Educational Institutions" was only one portion of his writings, which covered a wide scope of topics including religion, philosophy, morality, culture, and science. "On the Future of our Educational Institutions" resulted from a series of lectures that Nietzche gave in Bale, where he spoke about the future of education especially as it related to Germany. Na dně v Paříži a Londýně
Anotace: Aby poznal život chudých z první ruky, vydával se George Orwell na výpravy do chudých městských čtvrtí, nejprve v Londýně a později i v Paříži. Oblékal se jako nuzák, aby mezi místní lépe zapadl, protloukal se jen s minimem peněz, přespával v zavšivených ubytovnách, pracoval jako myč nádobí. S tím, jak chudí žijí a umírají, se seznámil bezprostředně též v jedné pařížské nemocnici, když na svých toulkách onemocněl. Orwellova sociologická reportáž dodnes slouží díky své upřímnosti a procítěnosti jako protipól všech suchých statistik o nezaměstnanosti, chudobě a bídě. Psychologie davu
Anotace: Psychologie davu je jedním ze slavných děl citovaných v učebnicích psychologie i dalších společenských věd. Le Bon svou koncepci davu vybudoval v souvislosti s chováním davu během francouzské revoluce. Podle něj v davových situacích dochází k tzv. deindividuaci – to znamená, že jednotlivci přestávají sami sebe vnímat jako individuální bytosti a splývají s ostatními do jednoho mentálního sugestibilního celku, v němž se rychle šíří emoce a často i asociální chování. V první polovině 20. století byla tato teorie užita v souvislosti s pochopením vlivu médií. Le Bonovy myšlenky prý hojně využíval i Adolf Hitler. Deindividualizované chování, v němž se lidé dočasně přestávají chovat podle sociálních norem vštípených výchovou, zkoumali také slavní američtí psychologové jako Festinger a Zimbardo. Ač Le Bonova kniha vyšla již v roce 1895, výstižně popisuje děje, k nimž v životě naší společnosti dochází dodnes. Gustave Le Bon (1841–1931) byl francouzský sociální psycholog a sociolog. Ve svých knihách se zabýval například tematikou národních rysů, ras, stádním chováním a psychologií davů. Moc, peníze a právo
Esej o společnosti a jejích institucích
Anotace: Přepracované vydání knihy Moc, peníze a právo je součástí plánovaného souborného vydání zásadních děl Jana Sokola, v nichž z různých aspektů zkoumá člověka a jeho život uvnitř společnosti, a řadí se tak po bok nedávno vydané publikaceEtika, život, instituce (Vyšehrad 2014). Autor z historického i systematického hlediska zkoumá funkci peněz ve společnosti i vývoj společnosti samotné a snaží se o hlubší porozumění fungování její moderní, současné podoby. Jeho zkoumání berou v potaz právní i ekonomické teorie a poznatky, podrobují je však kritickému filosofickému přezkoumání. I složité a komplexní otázky se v autorově podání stávají srozumitelnými; jsou vyloženy jasně a do hloubky tak, aby jejich znalost nebyla jen speciálním vědeckým poznatkem, ale aby se jejich pochopení začlenilo do celku našeho rozumění světu i sobě samým. Irah Kučerová
Střední Evropa
Komparace vývoje středoevropských států
Anotace: Střední Evropa je nezávislou entitou, historicky ovlivněnou specifickým rozložením politických sil. Středoevropský region je zpravidla přehlížen pro svůj ekonomický a politický vývoj, jeho geopolitický a geostrategický význam je však nepopiratelný. Petr Drulák
Teorie mezinárodních vztahů
Anotace: Autor stručně popisuje historický vývoj mezinárodních vztahů a jejich reflexe. Hlavní pozornost je věnována nejvýznamnějším teoriím v této oblasti: realismu, liberálně-idealistické tradici, kritické teorii, vědeckým přístupům a současným teoretickým debatám. Různé přístupy jsou ilustrovány na rozboru základních otázek mezinárodních vztahů, jimiž jsou povaha a příčiny války, možnosti mezinárodní spolupráce mezinárodní systém a mezinárodní společenství i evropská integrace. Teorie a metoda v moderní sociologii
Anotace: Teoretická práce se zabývá podstatou moderní sociologie. Sociologie a literatura
Anotace: V málo rozsáhlé knížce, která vznikala na samém sklonku komunistické éry a vyšla na začátku roku 1990, otevírá sociolog Miloslav Petrusek několik témat, o nichž se v českém prostředí do té doby psalo jen sporadicky. Jde o problémy různých vztahů mezi sociologií a literaturou a vymezení disciplíny zvané sociologie literatury. Milena Lenderová
Chytila patrola
aneb Prostituce za Rakouska i republiky
Anotace: Českému čtenáři se poprvé dostává do rukou dílo, kde autorka bez moralizování a hledání senzací představuje prostituci v Českých zemích v dobách rakousko-uherské monarchie a v počátcích Československé republiky. První část knihy je věnována definici prostituce, komentáři literatury a pramenů k tématu a historickému vývoji „nejstaršího řemesla“. Další kapitoly srovnávají jednotlivé druhy prostituce a popisují jejich tři hlavní aktéry: nevěstky, klienty a kuplíře. Závěrečná kapitola se zabývá problematikou vztahu prostituce k pohlavním chorobám. Autorka čerpá z široké škály odborných historických pramenů, z beletrie a velkého množství regionálních studií. Žurnalistika a společnost
Anotace: Žurnalistika dnes čelí jedné z největších výzev ve své historii. Nové komunikační možnosti mění způsob šíření informací, do něhož se stále častěji zapojují lidé mimo redakce velkých mediálních domů. Profesionální novináři ztrácejí své postavení dominantního zprostředkovatele dění kolem nás a zároveň sílí tábor zastánců názoru, že novináři vůbec nejsou potřeba. Denis McQuail se v úvahách o žurnalistice vrací zpět do minulosti a upozorňuje na společenský a politický kontext jejího vývoje a její význam pro fungování demokracie. Proměna žurnalistiky tak podle něj souvisí s hlubší společenskou transformací, jejíž důsledky dnes nejsme schopni spolehlivě odhadnout. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism
Anotace: The impact of Communism on the twentieth century was massive, equal to that of the two world wars. Until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, historians knew relatively little about the secretive world of communist states and parties. Since then, the opening of state, party, and diplomatic archives of the former Eastern Bloc has released a flood of new documentation. The thirty-five essays in thisHandbook, written by an international team of scholars, draw on this new material to offer a global history of communism in the twentieth century. Nicholas Paul, Suzanne Yeager
Remembering the Crusades
Myth, Image, and Identity
Anotace: Few events in European history generated more historical, artistic, and literary responses than the conquest of Jerusalem by the armies of the First Crusade in 1099. This epic military and religious expedition, and the many that followed it, became part of the collective memory of communities in Europe, Byzantium, North Africa, and the Near East. Remembering the Crusades examines the ways in which those memories were negotiated, transmitted, and transformed from the Middle Ages through the modern period. Bringing together leading scholars in art history, literature, and medieval European and Near Eastern history, this volume addresses a number of important questions. How did medieval communities respond to the intellectual, cultural, and existential challenges posed by the unique fusion of piety and violence of the First Crusade? How did the crusades alter the form and meaning of monuments and landscapes throughout Europe and the Near East? What role did the crusades play in shaping the collective identity of cities, institutions, and religious sects? In exploring these and other questions, the contributors analyze how the events of the First Crusade resonated in a wide range of cultural artifacts, including literary texts, art and architecture, and liturgical ceremonies. They discuss how Christians, Jews, and Muslims recalled and interpreted the events of the crusades and what far-reaching implications that remembering had on their communities throughout the centuries. Remembering the Crusades is the first collection of essays to investigate the commemoration of the crusades in eastern and western cultures. Its unprecedented multidisciplinary and cross-cultural approach points the way to a complete reevaluation of the place of the crusades in medieval and modern societies. Michael Carrithers
Buddha
A Very Short Introduction
Anotace: In this valuable introduction, Michael Carrithers guides us through the complex and sometimes conflicting information that Buddhist texts give us about the life and teaching of the Buddha. He discusses the social and political background of India in the Buddha's time and traces the development of his thought. He also assesses the rapid and widespread assimilation of Buddhism and its contemporary relevance. Well-paced and informative, this introduction will enlighten not only those who study Buddhism and comparative religion but anyone intrigued by the remarkable philosophy of one of the greatest religious thinkers. Totalitarianism
Part Three of The Origins of Totalitarianism
Anotace: In the final volume, Arendt focuses on the two genuine forms of the totalitarian state in history-the dictatorships of Bolshevism after 1930 and of National Socialism after 1938. Imperialism
Part Two of The Origins of Totalitarianism
Anotace: This middle volume focuses on the curious and cruel epoch of declining European colonial imperialism from 1884 to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Antisemitism
Part One of The Origins of Totalitarianism
Anotace: The first volume of Arendt’s celebrated three-part study of the philosophical origins of the totalitarian mind. This volume focuses on the rise of antisemitism in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Human Condition
Anotace: In this text, Hannah Arendt considers humankind from the perspective of the actions of which it is capable. The problems are identified as diminishing human agency and political freedom - the paradox that as human powers increase through technological and humanistic inquiry, we are less equipped to control the consequences of our actions. This edition contains an expanded index and an introduction that analyzes the text's argument and its present relevance. Responsibility and Judgment
Anotace: Responsibility and Judgment gathers together unpublished writings from the last decade of Arendt s life, where she addresses fundamental questions and concerns about the nature of evil and the making of moral choices. At the heart of the book is a profound ethical investigation, Some Questions of Moral Philosophy, in which Arendt confronts the inadequacy of traditional moral truths as standards to judge what we are capable of doing and examines anew our ability to distinguish good from evil and right from wrong. We also see how Arendt comes to understand that alongside the radical evil she had addressed in earlier analyses of totalitarianism, there exists a more pernicious evil, independent of political ideology, whose execution is limitless when the perpetrator feels no remorse and can forget his acts as soon as they are committed. Responsibility and Judgment is an indispensable investigation into some of the most troubling and important issues of our time. The Jewish Writings
Anotace: Although Hannah Arendt is not primarily known as a Jewish thinker, she probably wrote more about Jewish issues than any other topic. As a young adult in Germany, she wrote about German Jewish history. After moving to France in 1933, she helped Jewish youth immigrate to Palestine. During her years in Paris, her principle concern was the transformation of antinomianism from prejudice to policy, which would culminate in the Nazi "final solution." After France fell, Arendt escaped from an internment camp and made her way to America. There she wrote articles calling for a Jewish army to fight the Nazis. After the war, she supported the creation of a Jewish homeland in a binational (Arab-Jewish) state of Israel. On Violence
Anotace: An analysis of the nature, causes, and significance of violence in the second half of the twentieth century. Arendt also reexamines the relationship between war, politics, violence, and power. Incisive, deeply probing, written with clarity and grace, it provides an ideal framework for understanding the turbulence of our times (Nation). Crises of the Republic
Lying in Politics; Civil Disobedience; On Violence; Thoughts on Politics and Revolution
Anotace: A collection of studies in which Arendt, from the standpoint of a political philosopher, views the crises of the 1960s and early 1970s as challenges to the american form of government. Between Past and Future
Anotace: Arendt describes the loss of meaning of the traditional key words of politics: justice, reason, responsibility, virtue, glory. Through a series of eight exercises, she shows how we can redistill once more the vital essence of these concepts. The Last Interview and Other Conversations
Anotace: “There are no dangerous thoughts for the simple reason that thinking itself is such a dangerous enterprise.”
—Hannah Arendt The First Philosophers
The Presocratics and the Sophists
Anotace: Aristotle said that philosophy begins with wonder, and the first Western philosophers developed theories of the world which express simultaneously their sense of wonder and their intuition that the world should be comprehensible. But their enterprise was by no means limited to this proto-scientific task. Through, for instance, Heraclitus' enigmatic sayings, the poetry of Parmenides and Empedocles, and Zeno's paradoxes, the Western world was introduced to metaphysics, rationalist theology, ethics, and logic, by thinkers who often seem to be mystics or shamans as much as philosophers or scientists in the modern mould. And out of the Sophists' reflections on human beings and their place in the world arose and interest in language, and in political, moral, and social philosophy. Democracy and Education
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education
Anotace: "Democracy and Education," a classic work by John Dewey, provides a cogent and landmark exposition of progressive educational theory. Democracy for Dewey was both a means and an end to the building of a good and just society. In this regard he sought to develop strategies and methods for training students through learning and discipline to become socially responsible adults and conscientious citizens concerned with the rights of others and the common good and to be equipped with the knowledge and technical skills to be productive members of society in the context of our modern industrial world. In "Democracy and Education" Dewey sought to at once synthesize, criticize, and expand upon the democratic (or proto-democratic) educational philosophies of Rousseau and Plato. He saw Rousseau's philosophy as overemphasizing the individual and Plato's philosophy as overemphasizing the society in which the individual lived. For Dewey, this distinction was by and large a false one; like Vygotsky, he viewed the mind and its formation as a communal process. Thus the individual is only a meaningful concept when regarded as an inextricable part of his or her society, and the society has no meaning apart from its realization in the lives of its individual members. Dewey's educational theories, as explained in "Democracy and Education," have enjoyed a broad popularity during his lifetime and after. Today Dewey is regarded a giant of both modern educational theory and progressive humanitarian thought, one of the great Americans of the last century of which all people of good will can be proud. Ronald Payne
Mossad
Isreael's Most Secret Service
Anotace: No intelligence service is surrounded by more myth and mystery than Israel's Mossad. Joyce Tyldesley
Cleopatra
Last Queen of Egypt
Anotace: This entertaining biography hits the elusive sweet spot between scholarship and readability. British archeologist Tyldesley (Daughters of Isis ) is charmingly transparent about the unreliability of her sources. She tells us that when the Roman poet Lucan describes Cleopatra’s “ineffable night of shame” with Julius Caesar, he is “writing the equivalent of modern tabloid journalism.” In spite of the lack of eyewitness descriptions of Cleopatra, the question, for instance, of what she looked like becomes a fast-moving amusing discussion of statuary as royal propaganda, the modern perception of Cleopatra’s nose as way too big and the difference between beauty and sexiness. Writing with an easy mastery of her subject, Tyldesley always seems to be able to lay her hands on the perfect lively detail, whether an excerpt from an obscure bureaucratic document or a description of a kind of giant robot that paraded through the streets of Alexandria pouring libations of milk from a gold bottle. Though she makes it clear we’ll never know what Cleopatra was “really” like, Tyldesley provides a memorable journey through the rich and contradictory sources of our knowledge about her. 8 pages of illus., 3 maps. Stephen Church
King John
And the Road to Magna Carta
Anotace: King John (1166-1216) has long been seen as the epitome of bad kings. The son of the most charismatic couple of the middle ages, Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and younger brother of the heroic crusader king, Richard the Lionheart, John lived much of his life in the shadow of his family. When in 1199 he became ruler of his family’s lands in England and France, John proved unequal to the task of keeping them together. Early in his reign he lost much of his continental possessions, and over the next decade would come perilously close to losing his English kingdom, too. Toyota Production System
Beyond Large-Scale Production
Anotace: In this classic text, Taiichi Ohno--inventor of the Toyota Production System and Lean manufacturing--shares the genius that sets him apart as one of the most disciplined and creative thinkers of our time. Combining his candid insights with a rigorous analysis of Toyota's attempts at Lean production, Ohno's book explains how Lean principles can improve any production endeavor. A historical and philosophical description of just-in-time and Lean manufacturing, this work is a must read for all students of human progress. On a more practical level, it continues to provide inspiration and instruction for those seeking to improve efficiency through the elimination of waste. Zobrazeno: 1041-1070 z celkem 3508 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec
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