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Zobrazeno: 3241-3270 z celkem 3486 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec Nicomachean Ethics
Anotace: Previously published as Ethics, Aristotle's The Nicomachean Ethics addresses the question of how to live well and originates the concept of cultivating a virtuous character as the basis of his ethical system. Here Aristotle sets out to examine the nature of happiness, and argues that happiness consists in 'activity of the soul in accordance with virtue', including moral virtues, such as courage, generosity and justice, and intellectual virtues, such as knowledge, wisdom and insight. The Ethics also discusses the nature of practical reasoning, the value and the objects of pleasure, the different forms of friendship, and the relationship between individual virtue, society and the State. Aristotle's work has had a profound and lasting influence on all subsequent Western thought about ethical matters. Meteorology
Anotace: 'Meteorology' is Aristotle's treatise on meteorological sciences. Despite being written in classical antiquity, Aristotle makes some interesting early observations on weather phenomenon, water evaporation, and earthquakes. Anyone engaged in the study of the atmospheric and meteorological sciences, or those just interested in weather in general, will find that the historical perspective of this volume is of much interest. Metaphysics
Anotace: Metaphysics is the study of existence at the highest level of generality. It is traditionally characterised as the study of "being qua being" - of being in general rather than specifically of this or that sort. Accordingly, the salient task of the field is to achieve a clearer understanding of the concepts and principles of being, existence, and reality. As such, metaphysics has been an established sector of philosophy since the time of Aristotle's initial systematisation of the subject in the fourth century B.C.E.In line with tradition, distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher presents key topics that have always figured on the agenda of metaphysics: the nature and rationale of existence, the differentiation of what is actual from the unreal and mere possibility, and the prospects and limits of our knowledge of the real. Though a work of philosophical sophistication and logical rigour, "Metaphysics" displays a clarity of exposition that makes it suitable for use as a text or supplementary reader in upper-class undergraduate and graduate philosophy courses. The Categories
Anotace: The Categories is a text from Aristotle's Organon that enumerates all the possible kinds of things that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition. They are "perhaps the single most heavily discussed of all Aristotelian notions". The work is brief enough to be divided, not into books as is usual with Aristotle's works, but into fifteen chapters. The Categories places every object of human apprehension under one of ten categories (known to medieval writers as the Latin term praedicamenta). Aristotle intended them to enumerate everything that can be expressed without composition or structure, thus anything that can be either the subject or the predicate of a proposition. John Aubrey
A Brief Life of Thomas Hobbes
Anotace: The Malmesbury philosopher Thomas Hobbes famously said that life was 'nasty, brutish and short'; but, as Simon Webb's introduction makes clear, the author of 'Leviathan' was not entirely pessimistic, and only applied his most famous phrase to life lived amid political chaos. The life of Hobbes written by his close friend John Aubrey reveals a personality that could be blunt, but was never nasty or brutish. Though King Charles II thought him the 'oddest fellow he ever met with', Aubrey paints the picture of a great British thinker who was certainly eccentric, but was also one of the leading spirits of his age. The Oath of Hippocrates
Anotace: The Hippocratic Oath, a seminal document on the ethics of medical practice, was attributed to Hippocrates in antiquity although new information shows it may have been written after his death. This is probably the most famous document of the Hippocratic Corpus. Recently the authenticity of the document's author has come under scrutiny. While the Oath is rarely used in its original form today, it serves as a foundation for other, similar oaths and laws that define good medical practice and morals. Such derivatives are regularly taken today by medical graduates about to enter medical practice. Alfred North Whitehead
Symbolismus, jeho význam a účin
Anotace: Význačný logik zkoumá podstatu a význam symbolu pro lidskou bytost i společenskou realitu. Jiří Peterka
Co je čím v počítačových sítích
Anotace: Tento seriál vycházel v počítačových novinách Computerworld od září roku 1991 do listopadu 1994, zpočátku pravidelně každý týden, později jednou za 14 dní, a ještě později pak stále méně a méně pravidelně, až přestal vycházet úplně. The Christians and the Fall of Rome
Anotace: This book is excellent introduction to Edward Gibbon's intellectual skills and unique prose. Gibbon builds a plausible thesis that the growth of Christianity was partly responsible for the fall of Rome. The Soviet War in Afghanistan 1979-1989
An infamous military intervention, 1979-1988
Anotace: Richly illustrated with original photographs – many never published before in the West – and the @War series signature color artworks showing the men, vehicles and aircraft involved in this conflict. Abraham H. Maslow
A Theory of Human Motivation
Anotace: This is the article in which Maslow first presented his hierarchy of needs. It was first printed in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation". Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow described various needs and used the terms "Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence" needs to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. Maslow studied what he called exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentally ill or neurotic people. The New Atlantis
Anotace: Filozofický spis zabývající se podobou ideálního státu postaveného na poznání a rozvoji vědy. John Ayto
Word Origins
Anotace: The average contemporary English speaker knows 50,000 words. Yet stripped down to its origins, this apparently huge vocabulary is in reality much smaller, derived from Latin, French and the Germanic languages. It is estimated that every year, 800 neologisms are added to the English language: acronyms (nimby), blended words (motel), and those taken from foreign languages (savoir-faire). Laid out in an A-Z format with detailed cross references, and written in a style that is both authoritative and accessible, Word Origins is a valuable historical guide to the English language. To a God Unknown
Anotace: Ancient pagan beliefs, the great Greek epics, and the Bible all inform this extraordinary novel by Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck, which occupied him for more than five difficult years. While fulfilling his dead father’s dream of creating a prosperous farm in California, Joseph Wayne comes to believe that a magnificent tree on the farm embodies his father’s spirit. His brothers and their families share in Joseph’s prosperity, and the farm flourishes—until one brother, frightened by Joseph’s pagan belief, kills the tree, allowing disease and famine to descend on the farm. Set in familiar Steinbeck country, To a God Unknown is a mystical tale, exploring one man’s attempt to control the forces of nature and, ultimately, to understand the ways of God and the forces of the unconscious within. This edition features an introduction and notes by Steinbeck scholar Robert DeMott. The Oirigin of the Family, Private Property, and the Statee
Anotace: The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884), was a provocative and profoundly influential critique of the Victorian nuclear family. Engels argued that the traditional monogamous household was in fact a recent construct, closely bound up with capitalist societies. Under this patriarchal system, women were servants and, effectively, prostitutes. Only Communism would herald the dawn of communal living and a new sexual freedom and, in turn, the role of the state would become superfluous. Friedrich Schiller
Aesthetical and Philosophical Essays
Anotace: This book contains the eighth volume of "The Works of Frederick Schiller". A fantastic collection of essays, it will appeal to those with an interest in aesthetics and philosophy, and constitutes a must-have for fans and collectors of Schiller’s seminal work. The essays contained herein include: “The Moral Utility of Aesthetic Manners”, “On the Sublime”, “The Pathetic”, “On Grace and Dignity”, “On Dignity”, “Limitations in the Use of Beauty of Form”, “The Vulgar and Low Elements in Works of Art”, “Reflections on Different Questions of Aesthetics”, etcetera. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759 - 1805) was an influential German philosopher, poet, historian, and playwright. Many vintage texts such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive, and it is with this in mind that we are republishing this book now, in an affordable, high-quality, modern edition. It comes complete with a specially commissioned biography of the author. Essays
Anotace: Svazek 59 esejů anglického filozofa a politika Francise Bacona, zakladatele empirismu, v anglickém originálu. Essays on Suicide and the Immorality of the Soul
Anotace: Early editions of Hume's Essays omitted these two brilliant but dangerous articles. Even though Hume continued to write in his accustomed ironic mood, and to use the arguments of the theologians in an ad hominem manner against their own positions, he must have known he was on perilous ground. On the First Principles of Government
Anotace: On the First Principles of Government was published in David Hume on Morals, Politics, and Society. On Public Credit
Anotace: In his essay Of Public Credit, David Hume argues against the institutionalization of public credit. Contrary to what is commonly believed, I claim Hume’s analysis of public credit is sound and it is an example of his worst-case thinking. Through textual and contextual analysis, I show for Hume public credit brings catastrophic results because men are knaves, systematically biased, and unlucky. Public credit is an appropriate institution to stimulate the economy only if men are perfect and perfectly predictable. But they are not. For Hume, considering the worst-case rather than the best-case helps prevent potential disasters. Public credit should therefore be avoided. Of the Origin of Government
Anotace: David Hume's essay "Of the Origin of Government" is a thought-provoking exploration of the origins and evolution of political authority. Published as part of his collection "Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects," Hume delves into the fundamental question of how governments come into existence and acquire legitimacy. He contends that government's emergence is rooted in practical considerations and the need for social order to mitigate human conflict. Hume challenges the concept of a "social contract" and argues that political power often arises through gradual consent and acquiescence rather than a formal agreement. Of the Jealousy of Trade
Anotace: David Hume's essay "Of the Jealousy of Trade" is an analysis of economic nationalism and its impact on international trade. Published as part of his collection "Political Discourses," Hume delves into the phenomenon of countries being wary of engaging in trade with others due to fears of economic competition and dependency. He argues that such jealousy hampers economic growth and prosperity, advocating instead for the benefits of open and mutually beneficial trade relationships. Of the Balance of Trade
Anotace: On the Balance of Trade is an economic text on monetary economics that was written by David Hume and published in 1752. In the book, Hume examines various mistakes committed by nations regarding trade and suggests better alternatives. The thought experiments that Hume uses in the book are sometimes argued by modern economists to be the first formal economic models. Of Taxes
Anotace: David Hume's essay "Of Taxes" explores the economic and ethical considerations surrounding taxation. Published in 1756 as part of his collection "Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects," Hume critically examines the impact of various tax systems on government revenue, economic growth, and individual well-being. He highlights the importance of balancing the need for public funds with the potential negative effects of excessive taxation, advocating for a just and efficient tax structure that minimizes distortions to economic incentives. Hume's essay engages with timeless questions about the role of government in taxation and its broader implications for society, making it a thought-provoking work that continues to resonate in contemporary discussions on fiscal policy and governance. Of Refinement in the Arts
Anotace: Hume’s essay “Of Refinement in the Arts” is, like many of Hume’s essays, a tricky thing to get a handle on. His essays are delightful to read, but complicated to follow. He often begins by claiming he will discuss one topic, and then spends the essay on three or four tangentially related issues. But Hume always rewards the reader with the complexity and subtlety of his thought, not to mention the beauties of his prose. Hume begins this particular essay by noting that “luxury” is a word of famous ambiguity. Certainly, we know luxury can be taken to excess, and that it how we most often think of it. But Hume points out that its denial can also be excessive. “To imagine that the gratifying of any sense, or the indulging of any delicacy in meat, drink, or apparel, is of itself a vice, can never enter into a head, that is not disordered by the frenzies of enthusiasm.” We are, in other words, beginning with the insistence that it is necessary to, at a minimum, find a balance in how much value we do or do not place on luxuries. Of Money
Anotace: Hume explains that the quantity of money in a society is irrelevant and there is no such thing as an optimal money supply. There is never any benefit to increasing the money supply. He explains the specie-flow-price mechanism. He criticizes fractional reserve banking and argues for 100 percent reserve banking. Of Interest
Anotace: David Hume's essay "Of Interest" is a part of his collection titled "Political Discourses," where he delves into the economic and moral dimensions of interest rates and their impact on society. Hume examines the concept of interest from various angles, discussing its role in economic transactions, investment, and capital accumulation. He also explores the ethical considerations surrounding usury and the lending of money for profit. Of Commerce
Anotace: David Hume's essay "Of Commerce" is a part of his collection titled "Political Discourses," published in 1752. In this essay, Hume explores the benefits of international trade and commerce for a nation's prosperity. He argues that economic engagement with other countries through trade fosters the exchange of goods and ideas, leading to increased wealth and cultural enrichment. Hume emphasizes the role of competition in driving innovation and efficiency, and he cautions against protectionist policies that hinder the flow of goods and impede economic progress. The essay reflects Hume's belief in the positive impacts of free trade and his understanding of economics as a force that transcends national boundaries, making "Of Commerce" a notable contribution to discussions on trade policy and its implications. My Own Life
Anotace: In a final, short summary of his life and works, David Hume wrote My Own Life as he suffered from gastrointestinal issues that ultimately killed him. Despite his bleak prognosis, Hume remains lighthearted and inspirational throughout. He discusses his life growing up, his family relationships, and his desire to constantly improve his works and his reputation as an author. He confesses,"I have suffered very little pain from my disorder; and what is more strange, have... never suffered a moment's abatement of my spirits; insomuch that were I to name the period of my life which I should most choose to pass over again, I might be tempted to point to this later period." This short biography ends with a series of letters from Hume's close friend and fellow author Adam Smith to their publisher William Strahan, recounting Hume's death and giving a stirring eulogy in honor of their friend. A Treatise of Human Nature
Anotace: David Hume's comprehensive attempt to base philosophy on a new, observationally grounded study of human nature is one of the most important texts in Western philosophy. It is also the focal point of current attempts to understand 18th-century philosophy The Treatise first explains how we form such concepts as cause and effect, external existence, and personal identity, and how we create compelling but unverifiable beliefs in the entities represented by these concepts. It then offers a novel account of the passions, explains freedom and necessity as they apply to human choices and actions, and concludes with a detailed explanation of how we distinguish between virtue and vice. The volume features Hume's own abstract of the Treatise, a substantial introduction that explains the aims of the Treatise as a whole and of each of its ten parts, a comprehensive index, and suggestions for further reading. Zobrazeno: 3241-3270 z celkem 3486 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec
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