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Zobrazeno: 3181-3210 z celkem 3434 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec On Sophistical Refutations
Anotace: Sophistical Refutations is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece. On Sleep and Sleeplessness
Anotace: Aristotle's On Sleep and Sleeplessness is a treatise on the nature of sleep and wakefulness. In it, Aristotle discusses the various causes of sleep and wakefulness, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of each. He also offers some practical advice on how to achieve a good night's sleep. On Sense and the Sensible
Anotace: Sense and Sensibilia (or On Sense and the Sensible, On Sense and What is Sensed, On Sense Perception) is one of the short treatises by Aristotle that make up the Parva Naturalia. On Memory and Reminiscence
Anotace: We have, in the next place, to treat of Memory and Remembering, considering its nature, its cause, and the part of the soul to which this experience, as well as that of Recollecting, belongs. For the persons who possess a retentive memory are not identical with those who excel in power of recollection; indeed, as a rule, slow people have a good memory, whereas those who are quick-witted and clever are better at recollecting. On Longevity and Shortness of Life
Anotace: On Length and Shortness of Life (or On Longevity and Shortness of Life; is a text by the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and one of the Parva Naturalia. On Interpretation
Anotace: De Interpretatione or On Interpretation is the second text from Aristotle's Organon and is among the earliest surviving philosophical works in the Western tradition to deal with the relationship between language and logic in a comprehensive, explicit, and formal way. The work is usually known by its Latin title. On Generation and Corruption
Anotace: Aristotle’s contributions to the physical sciences are less impressive than his researches in the life sciences. In works such as On Generation and Corruption and On the Heavens, he presented a world-picture that included many features inherited from his pre-Socratic predecessors. From Empedocles (c. 490–430 BCE) he adopted the view that the universe is ultimately composed of different combinations of the four fundamental elements of earth, water, air, and fire. Each element is characterized by the possession of a unique pair of the four elementary qualities of heat, cold, wetness, and dryness: earth is cold and dry, water is cold and wet, air is hot and wet, and fire is hot and dry. Each element has a natural place in an ordered cosmos, and each has an innate tendency to move toward this natural place. Thus, earthy solids naturally fall, while fire, unless prevented, rises ever higher. Other motions of the elements are possible but are “violent.” (A relic of Aristotle’s distinction is preserved in the modern-day contrast between natural and violent death.) On Dreams
Anotace: On Dreams (Ancient Greek: Περὶ ἐνυπνίων; Latin: De insomniis) is one of the short treatises that make up Aristotle's Parva Naturalia. The short text is divided into three chapters. In the first, Aristotle tries to determine whether dreams "pertain to the faculty of thought or to that of sense-perception." In the second chapter, he considers the circumstances of sleep and how the sense organs operate. Finally, in the third chapter he explains how dreams are caused, proposing that it is the residual movements of the sensory organs that allow them to arise. Nicomachean Ethics
Anotace: Previously published as Ethics, Aristotle's The Nicomachean Ethics addresses the question of how to live well and originates the concept of cultivating a virtuous character as the basis of his ethical system. Here Aristotle sets out to examine the nature of happiness, and argues that happiness consists in 'activity of the soul in accordance with virtue', including moral virtues, such as courage, generosity and justice, and intellectual virtues, such as knowledge, wisdom and insight. The Ethics also discusses the nature of practical reasoning, the value and the objects of pleasure, the different forms of friendship, and the relationship between individual virtue, society and the State. Aristotle's work has had a profound and lasting influence on all subsequent Western thought about ethical matters. Meteorology
Anotace: 'Meteorology' is Aristotle's treatise on meteorological sciences. Despite being written in classical antiquity, Aristotle makes some interesting early observations on weather phenomenon, water evaporation, and earthquakes. Anyone engaged in the study of the atmospheric and meteorological sciences, or those just interested in weather in general, will find that the historical perspective of this volume is of much interest. Metaphysics
Anotace: Metaphysics is the study of existence at the highest level of generality. It is traditionally characterised as the study of "being qua being" - of being in general rather than specifically of this or that sort. Accordingly, the salient task of the field is to achieve a clearer understanding of the concepts and principles of being, existence, and reality. As such, metaphysics has been an established sector of philosophy since the time of Aristotle's initial systematisation of the subject in the fourth century B.C.E.In line with tradition, distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher presents key topics that have always figured on the agenda of metaphysics: the nature and rationale of existence, the differentiation of what is actual from the unreal and mere possibility, and the prospects and limits of our knowledge of the real. Though a work of philosophical sophistication and logical rigour, "Metaphysics" displays a clarity of exposition that makes it suitable for use as a text or supplementary reader in upper-class undergraduate and graduate philosophy courses. The Categories
Anotace: The Categories is a text from Aristotle's Organon that enumerates all the possible kinds of things that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition. They are "perhaps the single most heavily discussed of all Aristotelian notions". The work is brief enough to be divided, not into books as is usual with Aristotle's works, but into fifteen chapters. The Categories places every object of human apprehension under one of ten categories (known to medieval writers as the Latin term praedicamenta). Aristotle intended them to enumerate everything that can be expressed without composition or structure, thus anything that can be either the subject or the predicate of a proposition. John Aubrey
A Brief Life of Thomas Hobbes
Anotace: The Malmesbury philosopher Thomas Hobbes famously said that life was 'nasty, brutish and short'; but, as Simon Webb's introduction makes clear, the author of 'Leviathan' was not entirely pessimistic, and only applied his most famous phrase to life lived amid political chaos. The life of Hobbes written by his close friend John Aubrey reveals a personality that could be blunt, but was never nasty or brutish. Though King Charles II thought him the 'oddest fellow he ever met with', Aubrey paints the picture of a great British thinker who was certainly eccentric, but was also one of the leading spirits of his age. The Oath of Hippocrates
Anotace: The Hippocratic Oath, a seminal document on the ethics of medical practice, was attributed to Hippocrates in antiquity although new information shows it may have been written after his death. This is probably the most famous document of the Hippocratic Corpus. Recently the authenticity of the document's author has come under scrutiny. While the Oath is rarely used in its original form today, it serves as a foundation for other, similar oaths and laws that define good medical practice and morals. Such derivatives are regularly taken today by medical graduates about to enter medical practice. Alfred North Whitehead
Symbolismus, jeho význam a účin
Anotace: Význačný logik zkoumá podstatu a význam symbolu pro lidskou bytost i společenskou realitu. Jiří Peterka
Co je čím v počítačových sítích
Anotace: Tento seriál vycházel v počítačových novinách Computerworld od září roku 1991 do listopadu 1994, zpočátku pravidelně každý týden, později jednou za 14 dní, a ještě později pak stále méně a méně pravidelně, až přestal vycházet úplně. The Christians and the Fall of Rome
Anotace: This book is excellent introduction to Edward Gibbon's intellectual skills and unique prose. Gibbon builds a plausible thesis that the growth of Christianity was partly responsible for the fall of Rome. The Soviet War in Afghanistan 1979-1989
An infamous military intervention, 1979-1988
Anotace: Richly illustrated with original photographs – many never published before in the West – and the @War series signature color artworks showing the men, vehicles and aircraft involved in this conflict. Abraham H. Maslow
A Theory of Human Motivation
Anotace: This is the article in which Maslow first presented his hierarchy of needs. It was first printed in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation". Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow described various needs and used the terms "Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence" needs to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. Maslow studied what he called exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentally ill or neurotic people. The New Atlantis
Anotace: Filozofický spis zabývající se podobou ideálního státu postaveného na poznání a rozvoji vědy. John Ayto
Word Origins
Anotace: The average contemporary English speaker knows 50,000 words. Yet stripped down to its origins, this apparently huge vocabulary is in reality much smaller, derived from Latin, French and the Germanic languages. It is estimated that every year, 800 neologisms are added to the English language: acronyms (nimby), blended words (motel), and those taken from foreign languages (savoir-faire). Laid out in an A-Z format with detailed cross references, and written in a style that is both authoritative and accessible, Word Origins is a valuable historical guide to the English language. To a God Unknown
Anotace: Ancient pagan beliefs, the great Greek epics, and the Bible all inform this extraordinary novel by Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck, which occupied him for more than five difficult years. While fulfilling his dead father’s dream of creating a prosperous farm in California, Joseph Wayne comes to believe that a magnificent tree on the farm embodies his father’s spirit. His brothers and their families share in Joseph’s prosperity, and the farm flourishes—until one brother, frightened by Joseph’s pagan belief, kills the tree, allowing disease and famine to descend on the farm. Set in familiar Steinbeck country, To a God Unknown is a mystical tale, exploring one man’s attempt to control the forces of nature and, ultimately, to understand the ways of God and the forces of the unconscious within. This edition features an introduction and notes by Steinbeck scholar Robert DeMott. The Oirigin of the Family, Private Property, and the Statee
Anotace: The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884), was a provocative and profoundly influential critique of the Victorian nuclear family. Engels argued that the traditional monogamous household was in fact a recent construct, closely bound up with capitalist societies. Under this patriarchal system, women were servants and, effectively, prostitutes. Only Communism would herald the dawn of communal living and a new sexual freedom and, in turn, the role of the state would become superfluous. Friedrich Schiller
Aesthetical and Philosophical Essays
Anotace: This book contains the eighth volume of "The Works of Frederick Schiller". A fantastic collection of essays, it will appeal to those with an interest in aesthetics and philosophy, and constitutes a must-have for fans and collectors of Schiller’s seminal work. The essays contained herein include: “The Moral Utility of Aesthetic Manners”, “On the Sublime”, “The Pathetic”, “On Grace and Dignity”, “On Dignity”, “Limitations in the Use of Beauty of Form”, “The Vulgar and Low Elements in Works of Art”, “Reflections on Different Questions of Aesthetics”, etcetera. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759 - 1805) was an influential German philosopher, poet, historian, and playwright. Many vintage texts such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive, and it is with this in mind that we are republishing this book now, in an affordable, high-quality, modern edition. It comes complete with a specially commissioned biography of the author. Essays
Anotace: Svazek 59 esejů anglického filozofa a politika Francise Bacona, zakladatele empirismu, v anglickém originálu. Essays on Suicide and the Immorality of the Soul
Anotace: Early editions of Hume's Essays omitted these two brilliant but dangerous articles. Even though Hume continued to write in his accustomed ironic mood, and to use the arguments of the theologians in an ad hominem manner against their own positions, he must have known he was on perilous ground. On the First Principles of Government
Anotace: On the First Principles of Government was published in David Hume on Morals, Politics, and Society. On Public Credit
Anotace: In his essay Of Public Credit, David Hume argues against the institutionalization of public credit. Contrary to what is commonly believed, I claim Hume’s analysis of public credit is sound and it is an example of his worst-case thinking. Through textual and contextual analysis, I show for Hume public credit brings catastrophic results because men are knaves, systematically biased, and unlucky. Public credit is an appropriate institution to stimulate the economy only if men are perfect and perfectly predictable. But they are not. For Hume, considering the worst-case rather than the best-case helps prevent potential disasters. Public credit should therefore be avoided. Of the Origin of Government
Anotace: David Hume's essay "Of the Origin of Government" is a thought-provoking exploration of the origins and evolution of political authority. Published as part of his collection "Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects," Hume delves into the fundamental question of how governments come into existence and acquire legitimacy. He contends that government's emergence is rooted in practical considerations and the need for social order to mitigate human conflict. Hume challenges the concept of a "social contract" and argues that political power often arises through gradual consent and acquiescence rather than a formal agreement. Of the Jealousy of Trade
Anotace: David Hume's essay "Of the Jealousy of Trade" is an analysis of economic nationalism and its impact on international trade. Published as part of his collection "Political Discourses," Hume delves into the phenomenon of countries being wary of engaging in trade with others due to fears of economic competition and dependency. He argues that such jealousy hampers economic growth and prosperity, advocating instead for the benefits of open and mutually beneficial trade relationships. Zobrazeno: 3181-3210 z celkem 3434 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec
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