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Number of pages: 702
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Book genre: history
Language: Czech
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Added: 05.01.2019, 01:49

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Number of pages: 992
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Book genre: history
Language: Czech
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Added: 05.01.2019, 01:32

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Format: PDF
Number of pages: 844
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Book genre: history
Language: Czech
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Added: 05.01.2019, 01:16

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 170
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Book genre: biography
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 17:24

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One of the greatest prodigies of his era, John Stuart Mill (1806-73) was studying arithmetic and Greek by the age of three, as part of an astonishingly intense education at his father's hand. Intellectually brilliant, fearless and profound, he became a leading Victorian liberal thinker, whose works - including On Liberty, Utilitarianism, The Subjection of Women and this autobiography - are among the crowning achievements of the age. Here he describes the pressures placed on him by his childhood, the mental breakdown he suffered as a young man, his struggle to understand a world of feelings and emotions far removed from his father's strict didacticism, and the later development of his own radical beliefs. A moving account of an extraordinary life, this great autobiography reveals a man of deep integrity, constantly searching for truth.

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Number of pages: 31
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Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 17:20

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These are such moral qualities as, when a man does not possess them, he is not bound to acquire them. They are: the moral feeling, conscience, love of one's neighbour, and respect for ourselves (self-esteem). There is no obligation to have these, since they are subjective conditions of susceptibility for the notion of duty, not objective conditions of morality.

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Number of pages: 130
Size: 133 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 16:46

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This seminal text in the history of moral philosophy elaborates the basic themes of Kant's moral theory, gives the most complete statement of his highly original theory of freedom of the will, and develops his practical metaphysics. This new edition, prepared by an acclaimed translator and scholar of Kant's practical philosophy, presents the first new translation of the work to appear for some years, together with a substantial and lucid introduction.

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Number of pages: 9
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Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 16:43

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This essay of Kant’s on copyright argues that the unlicensed copying of books cannot possibly be permissible, due to the fact that it assumes a consent on the part of the author which it is logically impossible for the author to give. The argument is dependent upon an assumption that the writings be commodified, for the reason why the author is unable to possibly give consent to multiple publishers is due to the author’s will – to communicate with the public – necessitating the profitability of the publisher, for, it is assumed, there is no way to communicate with the public at large without a great expense which can only be borne by a publishing firm. This is, of course, no longer a necessary assumption.

Other arguments here are also of interest: this is a foundational document in claims regarding the moral rights of authors, and Kant’s account of the connection between the communicative intent of the author and the rights resultant is of continuing importance (even though it is not often taken into account in contemporary debates, and has only a tenuous relation to contemporary copyright law); the distinction between works and acts in the “Universal Observation” (the third section of the essay) strikes us as odd today, but is worthy of consideration; his admission of the permissibility of derivative works is striking; and, strangely, the first footnote uses as a reductio ad absurdum an idea of liability which underlies what United States law today calls by the name of “contributory infringement.”

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Number of pages: 89
Size: 92 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 16:39

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A leading German metaphysician of the 19th century, Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) exerted an influence far beyond the hermetic world of philosophy, with adherents ranging from Richard Wagner and Friedrich Nietzsche to Leo Tolstoy and Thomas Mann. Among Schopenhauer's chief contributions to the field of philosophy are his rejection of the idealism of his contemporaries and his embrace of a practical variety of materialism. He jettisons the traditional philosophic jargon for a brisk, compelling style that employs direct terms to express the metaphysics of the will.

In The Wisdom of Life, an essay from Schopenhauer's final work, Parerga und Paralipomena (1851), the philosopher favors individual strength of will and independent, reasoned deliberation over the tendency to act on irrational impulses. He examines the ways in which life can be arranged to derive the highest degree of pleasure and success, presents guidelines to achieving this full and rich manner of living, and advises that even a life well lived must always aspire to grander heights. Abounding in subjects of enduring relevance, Schopenhauer's highly readable work appears here in an excellent translation.

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Number of pages: 67
Size: 70 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 16:34

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Arthur Schopenhauer is one of the most important 19th century philosophers, most famous for his work, The World as Will and Representation. He is known for having espounced a sort of philosophical pessimism that saw life as being essentially evil and futile, but saw hope in aesthetics, sympathy for others and ascetic living.

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Number of pages: 74
Size: 76 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 16:32

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Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. He responded to and expanded upon Immanuel Kant's philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world. His critique of Kant, his creative solutions to the problems of human experience and his explication of the limits of human knowledge are among his most important achievements. His metaphysical theory is the foundation of his influential writings on psychology, aesthetics, ethics, and politics which influenced Friedrich Nietzsche, Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Sigmund Freud and others. He said he was influenced by the Upanishads, Immanuel Kant, and Plato. References to Eastern philosophy and religion appear frequently in his writing. He appreciated the teachings of the Buddha and even called himself a Buddhaist. He said that his philosophy could not have been conceived before these teachings were available. He called himself a Kantian. He formulated a pessimistic philosophy that gained importance and support after the failure of the German and Austrian revolutions of 1848.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 169
Size: 171 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 04.01.2019, 16:30

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Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. He responded to and expanded upon Immanuel Kant's philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world. His critique of Kant, his creative solutions to the problems of human experience and his explication of the limits of human knowledge are among his most important achievements. His metaphysical theory is the foundation of his influential writings on psychology, aesthetics, ethics, and politics which influenced Friedrich Nietzsche, Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Sigmund Freud and others. He said he was influenced by the Upanishads, Immanuel Kant, and Plato. References to Eastern philosophy and religion appear frequently in his writing. He appreciated the teachings of the Buddha and even called himself a Buddhaist. He said that his philosophy could not have been conceived before these teachings were available. He called himself a Kantian. He formulated a pessimistic philosophy that gained importance and support after the failure of the German and Austrian revolutions of 1848.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 66
Size: 69 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 26.10.2018, 23:12

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This authoritative edition of Cicero's Treatises on Friendship and Old Age features the respected translation of E. S. Shuckburgh. 

Written in the second century A.D., these writings encapsulate the wisdom and ability possessed by their author. Already well into maturity, it is here that the accumulated experience of a man who had - in an illustrious career of public service in the Roman Empire - seen and known all manner of events and people in his bustling society. 

In the first treatise, the attributes important to friendship are identified by Cicero as he discusses the qualities a good friend should have. There are several intractable virtues of friendship, which must be preserved lest the union be damaged. Cicero's best friend Scipio had recently died at the time of writing - as such, what we may read here was written as a means for the author to cope with a loss he felt difficult. 

The second treatise meanwhile contains contemplation upon what it is to be old. Writing so as to echo the much esteemed Cato the Elder, the beauty and profundity of the words in this essay are significant. The clear and plain yet highly eloquent words elaborate on aging and the concerns that arrive with it. The text has been much quoted, and for centuries after its publication in Ancient Rome it was used in Latin tutelage. 

Cicero was among the most lauded of Roman officials to have ever lived. His writings are in themselves an authoritative historical source both of Roman civic life and thinking on a variety of subjects and events, with his treatises exemplifying the clarity with which he wrote.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 826
Size: 828 kB
Book genre: history
Language: English
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Added: 06.09.2018, 03:25

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The product of a powerful and original mind, this is the history that introduced English-speaking people to the full meaning and tragedy of the French Revolution. First published in 1837, this pioneering work established Thomas Carlyle's reputation as a historian of enduring scholarly and popular appeal. His scrupulous attention to facts and details, combined with his eloquence, poetic style, and moral energy, convey a spirited sense of reality. The dramatic narrative is populated by vivid characterizations of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, Mirabeau, Danton, Robespierre, Lafayette, Marat, and other heroes and villains of the era. 
"No novelist has made his creations live for us more thoroughly than Carlyle has made the men of the French Revolution," observed George Eliot. In his company, the scenes of the Revolution are plainly visible, and the pages of this book offer a walk through the streets of 18th-century Paris with a well-informed guide. 

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Number of pages: 72
Size: 75 kB
Book genre: history
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 13:59

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'An Account of Egypt' is the story of Greek historian Herodotus' travels through the Ptolemaic Kingdom. It is a richly descriptive tale of ancient Egyptian customs, rituals and daily life from the legendary writer whom Cicero labeled 'The Father of History.

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Number of pages: 143
Size: 298 kB
Book genre: history
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 13:55

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The Roman Questions is an attempt to explain one hundred and thirteen Roman customs, the majority of which deal with religious matters. The treatise is one of three similar compilations of which two have been preserved and one, the Quaestiones Barbaricae (No. 139 in Lamprias’s list), has been lost. Plutarch possessed a great desire to know the reason why: besides the many discussions of a similar sort contained in the Symposiacs (Table Talk), there is extant a discussion of Physical Causes, and the titles of other writings of the same sort have been preserved for us in Lamprias’s list of Plutarch’s writings.

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Number of pages: 462
Size: 493 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 13:51

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Very little is known about Diogenes Laertius, despite the fact he wrote some of the most influential accounts of the lives of the West’s best known philosophers. His mention of Sextus Empiricus means he lived after the 3rd century A.D., while Sopater quoted him in the 6th century. For that reason, historians believe he lived in the middle of the 4th century. In the ancient manuscripts of his work, he is invariably referred to as "Laertius Diogenes," thus giving the author his name. It’s unclear what the origin of his name is either, but his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers was written in Greek and professes to give an account of the lives and sayings of the Greek philosophers. The Lives has been one of the chief accounts of the philosophers’ lives, partly because other documents no longer exist, leaving Laertius as one of the few comprehensive accounts available. Even still, it’s not clear that Laertius’ entire work survived the Middle Ages; 14th century discussions of his work suggest there was a lot more than currently exists today. Regardless, the Lives are one of the best ways for today’s readers to understand the lives of famous ancient philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, and over 70 others.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 224
Size: 224 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 13:49

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Let us now imagine that some administrative authority, as far superior in power and intelligence to men, as men are to their cattle, is set over the colony, charged to deal with its human elements in such a manner as to assure the victory of the settlement over the antagonistic influences of the state of nature in which it is set down. He would proceed in the same fashion as that in which the gardener dealt with his garden.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 164
Size: 165 kB
Book genre: fiction
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 12:12

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Written in 1914 but not published until 1925, a year after Kafka’s death, The Trial is the terrifying tale of Josef K., a respectable bank officer who is suddenly and inexplicably arrested and must defend himself against a charge about which he can get no information. Whether read as an existential tale, a parable, or a prophecy of the excesses of modern bureaucracy wedded to the madness of totalitarianism, The Trial has resonated with chilling truth for generations of readers. 

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 231
Size: 230 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 12:09

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Aristotle conceives of ethical theory as a field distinct from the theoretical sciences. Its methodology must match its subject matter—good action—and must respect the fact that in this field many generalizations hold only for the most part. We study ethics in order to improve our lives, and therefore its principal concern is the nature of human well-being. Aristotle follows Socrates and Plato in taking the virtues to be central to a well-lived life. Like Plato, he regards the ethical virtues (justice, courage, temperance and so on) as complex rational, emotional and social skills. But he rejects Plato's idea that to be completely virtuous one must acquire, through a training in the sciences, mathematics, and philosophy, an understanding of what goodness is. What we need, in order to live well, is a proper appreciation of the way in which such goods as friendship, pleasure, virtue, honor and wealth fit together as a whole. In order to apply that general understanding to particular cases, we must acquire, through proper upbringing and habits, the ability to see, on each occasion, which course of action is best supported by reasons. Therefore practical wisdom, as he conceives it, cannot be acquired solely by learning general rules. We must also acquire, through practice, those deliberative, emotional, and social skills that enable us to put our general understanding of well-being into practice in ways that are suitable to each occasion.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 411
Size: 6,06 MB
Book genre: logic and mathematics
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 12:07

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The legion of H. E. Dudeney fans needs no introduction to the first American edition of this endlessly entertaining and instructive volume of mathematical amusements. New readers will be delighted with the 430 puzzles, problems, paradoxes, and brain-teasers presented by a master of mathematical ingenuity.
Virtually every sort of mathematical or logical poser is included in this extraordinary collection — problems concerning the manipulation of numbers; unicursal and route problems; moving counter puzzles; locomotion and speed problems; measuring, weighing, and packing problems; clock puzzles; combination and group problems. Greek Cross puzzles, problems involving the dissection or superimposition of plane figures, points and lines problems, joiner's problems, and crossing river problems severely test the geometrical and topological imagination. Chessboard problems, involving the dissection of the board or the placement or movement of pieces, age and kinship problems, algebraical and numerical problems, magic squares and strips, mazes, puzzle games, and problems concerning games will give you an unparalled opportunity to exercise your logical, as well as your mathematical agility.
Each problem is presented with Dudeney's  unique urbane wit and sense of paradox, and each is provided with a clearly-written solution — and often with an amusing and instructive discussion of how others tried to attack it and failed. Most of the problems are original creations — but Dudeney has also included many age-old puzzlers for which he has discovered new, surprising, and usually simpler, solutions.
"Not only an amusement but a revelation … "— THE SPECTATOR.
"The best miscellaneous collection of the kind …"— NATURE.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 218
Size: 808 kB
Book genre: biography
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 11:54

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AS Columbus and La Salle were the most prominent of the Pioneers of America, so was Washington the most illustrious of its Patriots. In the career of Columbus we have a vivid Sketch of life in the tropical portions of the New World four hundred years ago.

The adventures of. La Salle, in exploring this continent two hundred years ago, from the North ern Lakes to the Mexican Gulf, are almost without parallel, even in the pages of romance. His narrative gives information, Such as can nowhere else be found, Of the native inhabitants, their number, character, and modes of life when the white man first reached these shores.

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Number of pages: 188
Size: 189 kB
Book genre: biography
Language: English
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Added: 19.08.2018, 11:48

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This engrossing work details the early history of the colonization of Manhattan and its surrounding regions from the exploration of the Hudson River in 1610 through to the final surrender of the colony to the English in 1664. The thoroughly-researched history takes the reader through the trials and tribulations of colonists, Indians, slaves, soldiers, and politicians alike. Hardships, religious struggles, and Indian wars dominated the early history of the settlement, but Peter Stuyvesant’s rule was marked by many building projects, of which the end results are still seen today: a protective wall (“Wall Street”), the canal that became Broad Street, and Broadway. The author writes with objectivity about the suffering of colonists, Indians, and slaves—and of the fighting between the English and Dutch over possession of the colony. “It is impossible to understand the very remarkable character and career of Peter Stuyvesant, the last, and by far the most illustrious, of the Dutch governors of New Amsterdam, without an acquaintance with the early history of the Dutch colonies upon the Hudson and the Delaware. Peter Stuyvesant leads us to the Hudson, from the time when its majestic waters were disturbed only by the arrowy flight of the birch canoe, till European colonization had laid there the foundations of one of the most flourishing cities on this globe.” 

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 74
Size: 76 kB
Book genre: sci-fi & fantasy
Language: English
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Added: 03.02.2018, 16:59

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So begins the Time Traveller’s astonishing firsthand account of his journey 800,000 years beyond his own era—and the story that launched H.G. Wells’s successful career and earned him his reputation as the father of science fiction. With a speculative leap that still fires the imagination, Wells sends his brave explorer to face a future burdened with our greatest hopes...and our darkest fears. A pull of the Time Machine’s lever propels him to the age of a slowly dying Earth.  There he discovers two bizarre races—the ethereal Eloi and the subterranean Morlocks—who not only symbolize the duality of human nature, but offer a terrifying portrait of the men of tomorrow as well.  Published in 1895, this masterpiece of invention captivated readers on the threshold of a new century. Thanks to Wells’s expert storytelling and provocative insight, The Time Machinewill continue to enthrall readers for generations to come.

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Number of pages: 571
Size: 1,22 MB
Book genre: non-fiction
Language: English
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Added: 28.09.2017, 11:39

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The Afghan War of 1879–80 is a detailed account of the final phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80), consisting of a reprinting in book form of letters originally written from the field and published in an Indian newspaper. The author, Howard Hensman, was a special correspondent of the Allahabad Pioneer. He was the only journalist to accompany the Anglo-Indian Kurram Valley Field Force that marched from Ali Kheyl, Afghanistan, to Kabul in the fall of 1879 following the uprising of Afghan forces in Kabul in September of that year and the massacre of the British envoy, Sir Louis Cavagnari, and other British officials in the city. The first letter is dated September 28, 1879, the last September 20, 1880. Brief explanatory texts are used to introduce some of the letters and provide context. Each letter runs to several pages, and collectively they offer a vivid first-hand account of the war as seen from a British perspective. Hensman describes, for example, the courageous charge by Afghan Ghazis at the Battle of Ahmed Khel (April 19, 1880) and the desperate, hand-to-hand fighting with British, Sikh, and Gurkha troops that ensued; the Battle of Maiwand (July 27, 1880), in which a force of 2,500 British and Indian troops was routed by a much larger Afghan force; and many other engagements. The book contains ten detailed foldout maps of the major military operations and battles of the war. A short appendix provides information about the heights above sea level of places in Afghanistan, distances by road between key points, and transportation in the Indian army.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 139
Size: 234 kB
Book genre: philosophy
Language: English
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Added: 28.09.2017, 11:33

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Written in response to the devastation of World War I, "Why Men Fight" lays out Bertrand Russell's ideas on war, pacifism, reason, impulse, and personal liberty. Russell argues that when individuals live passionately, they will have no desire for war or killing. Conversely, excessive restraint or reason causes us to live unnaturally and with hostility toward those who are unlike ourselves.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 136
Size: 137 kB
Book genre: fiction
Language: English
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Added: 02.09.2017, 12:04

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With H.G. Wells’ other novels, The War of the Worlds was one of the first and greatest works of science fiction ever to be written. Even long before man had learned to fly, H.G. Wells wrote this story of the Martian attack on England. These unearthly creatures arrive in huge cylinders, from which they escape as soon as the metal is cool. The first falls near Woking and is regarded as a curiosity rather than a danger until the Martians climb out of it and kill many of the gaping crowd with a Heat-Ray. These unearthly creatures have heads four feet in diameter and colossal round bodies, and by manipulating two terrifying machines – the Handling Machine and the Fighting Machine – they are as versatile as humans and at the same time insuperable. They cause boundless destruction. The inhabitants of the Earth are powerless against them, and it looks as if the end of the World has come. But there is one factor which the Martians, in spite of their superior intelligence, have not reckoned on. It is this which brings about a miraculous conclusion to this famous work of the imagination.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 297
Size: 438 kB
Book genre: biography
Language: English
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Added: 04.12.2016, 22:59

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 171
Size: 346 kB
Book genre: non-fiction
Language: English
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Added: 04.12.2016, 22:56

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The one permanent move for obtaining peace, which has not yet been suggested, with any reasonable chance of attaining its object, is by an agreement among the great powers, in which each should pledge itself not only to abide by the decisions of a common tribunal but to back with force the decisions of that common tribunal. The great civilized nations of the world which do possess force, actual or immediately potential, should combine by solemn agreement in a great World League for the Peace of Righteousness. -from "World Peace" Theodore Roosevelt was still a young man when he left the Oval Office, and he remained a vigorous force on the American scene. The great influence he continued to hold over the public allowed him to contest the policies of President Woodrow Wilson, particularly Wilson's conduct in the leadup to America's belated entry into World War I. In this 1915 work, Roosevelt lays out the moral and political case for coming to the aid of the nation's European allies, from the ethics of self-defense to the practicalities of preparing for war. Roosevelt's arguments are compelling and humane, but agree with him or not, here is an essential part of the powerful basis for his place in American history as the architect of the American Century, as well as a revealing picture of the character of one of the great American personalities. Also available from Cosimo Classics: Roosevelt's Letters to His Children, A Book-Lover's Holidays in the Open, Through the Brazilian Wilderness and Papers on Natural History, Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail, The Strenuous Life: Essays and Addresses, and Historic Towns: New York OF INTEREST TO: Roosevelt fans, students of the American presidency, readers of World War I Politician and soldier, naturalist and historian, American icon THEODORE ROOSEVELT (1858-1919) was 26th President of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909, and the first American to win a Nobel Prize, in 1906, when he was awarded the Peace Prize for mediating the Russo-Japanese War. He is the author of 35 books.

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 110
Size: 112 kB
Book genre: fiction
Language: English
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Added: 14.10.2016, 11:44

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This classic book by Rudyard Kipling is telling the story of the adventures of Mowgli who is raised by wolves in the jungles of India. 

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Format: EPUB
Number of pages: 113
Size: 115 kB
Book genre: politology
Language: English
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Added: 09.09.2016, 23:21

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THE PRINCE was written by Niccolo' Machiavelli in the 1500s. It has continued to be a best seller in many languages. Presently, it is translated into modern English, with illustrations by Benjamin Martinez and an Introduction by Adolph Cso.

The Prince is a classic book that explores the attainment, maintenance, and utilization of political power in the western world. Machiavelli wrote The Prince to demonstrate his skill in the art of the state, presenting advice on how a prince might acquire and hold power. Machiavelli defended the notion of rule by force rather than by law. Accordingly, The Prince seems to rationalize a number of actions done solely to perpetuate power. It is an examination of power-its attainment, development, and successful use.