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Confessions
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 216 Size: 581 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:44 Annotation: Heartfelt, incisive, and timeless, The Confessions of Saint Augustine has captivated readers for more than fifteen hundred years. Retelling the story of his long struggle with faith and ultimate conversion -- the first such spiritual memoir ever recorded -- Saint Augustine traces a story of sin, regret, and redemption that is both deeply personal and, at the same time, universal. Marek Němec
Výuka JavaScriptu
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 89 Size: 1,64 MB Book genre: Language: Czech Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:43 Selected Essays
Volume II
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 350 Size: 390 kB Book genre: history Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:18 Annotation: Second volume of the essays of Plutarch. Topics
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 72 Size: 278 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:11 Annotation: The Topics constitutes Aristotle’s treatise on the art of dialectic—the invention and discovery of arguments in which the propositions rest upon commonly held opinions or endoxa .Topoi are “places” from which such arguments can be discovered or invented. The Athenian Constitution
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 54 Size: 94 kB Book genre: politology Language: English Read: NO Added: 14.09.2024, 01:45 Annotation: Probably written by a student of Aristotle, The Athenian Constitution is both a history and an analysis of Athens' political machinery between the seventh and fourth centuries BC, which stands as a model of democracy at a time when city-states lived under differing kinds of government. The writer recounts the major reforms of Solon, the rule of the tyrant Pisistratus and his sons, the emergence of the democracy in which power was shared by all free male citizens, and the leadership of Pericles and the demagogues who followed him. He goes on to examine the city's administration in his own time - the council, the officials and the judicial system. For its information on Athens' development and how the democracy worked, The Athenian Constitution is an invaluable source of knowledge about the Athenian city-state. Rhetoric
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 97 Size: 420 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:10 Annotation: "It is simplicity that makes the uneducated more effective than the educated when addressing popular audiences." ARISTOTLE'S RHETORIC is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the 4th century BC. Aristotle is generally credited with developing the basics of the system of rhetoric that "thereafter served as its touchstone", influencing the development of rhetorical theory from ancient through modern times. The Rhetoric is regarded by most rhetoricians as "the most important single work on persuasion ever written." Politics
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 192 Size: 403 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:10 Annotation: In his Politics, Aristotle describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing about the virtuous life in the citizenry. The Politics also provides analysis of the kinds of political community that existed in his time and shows where and how these cities fall short of the ideal community of virtuous citizens. Although in some ways we have clearly moved beyond his thought (for example, his belief in the inferiority of women and his approval of slavery in at least some circumstances), there remains much in Aristotle’s philosophy that is valuable today. In particular, his views on the connection between the well-being of the political community and that of the citizens who make it up, his belief that citizens must actively participate in politics if they are to be happy and virtuous, and his analysis of what causes and prevents revolution within political communities have been a source of inspiration for many contemporary theorists, especially those unhappy with the liberal political philosophy promoted by thinkers such as John Locke and John Stuart Mill. Poetics
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 37 Size: 70 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:09 Annotation: The Poetics is in part Aristotle's response to his teacher, Plato, who argues in The Republic that poetry is representation of mere appearances and is thus misleading and morally suspect. Aristotle's approach to the phenomenon of poetry is quite different from Plato's. Fascinated by the intellectual challenge of forming categories and organizing them into coherent systems, Aristotle approaches literary texts as a natural scientist, carefully accounting for the features of each "species" of text. Rather than concluding that poets should be banished from the perfect society, as does Plato, Aristotle attempts to describe the social function, and the ethical utility, of art. Physics
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 147 Size: 398 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:08 Annotation: For many centuries, Aristotle's Physics was the essential starting point for anyone who wished to study the natural sciences. Now, in the first translation into English since 1930, Aristotle's thought is presented accurately, with a lucid introduction and extensive notes to explain the general structure of eac section of the book, and shed light on particular problems. It simplifies and expands the style of the original, making for easier reading and better comprehension. On Youth and Old Age, On Life and Death, On Breathing
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 16 Size: 81 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:08 Annotation: One of the short treatises that make up Aristotle's Parva Naturalia. The title On Youth And Old Age, On Life And Death, On Breathing, given in the Medieval manuscripts, derives from the treatise's opening words: 'We must now treat of youth and old age and life and death. We must probably also at the same time state the causes of respiration as well, since in some cases living and the reverse depend on this. On the Soul
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 43 Size: 248 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:08 Annotation: On the Soul is a major treatise written by Aristotle c. 350 BC. His discussion centres on the kinds of souls possessed by different kinds of living things, distinguished by their different operations. Thus plants have the capacity for nourishment and reproduction, the minimum that must be possessed by any kind of living organism. Lower animals have, in addition, the powers of sense-perception and self-motion (action). Humans have all these as well as intellect. Aristotle holds that the soul (psyche, ψυχή) is the form, or essence of any living thing; it is not a distinct substance from the body that it is in. It is the possession of a soul (of a specific kind) that makes an organism an organism at all, and thus that the notion of a body without a soul, or of a soul in the wrong kind of body, is simply unintelligible. (He argues that some parts of the soul — the intellect — can exist without the body, but most cannot.) On the Motion of Animals
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 8 Size: 53 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:07 Annotation: Movement of Animals (or On the Motion of Animals) is one of Aristotle's major texts on biology. It sets out the general principles of animal locomotion. On the Heavens
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 65 Size: 301 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:07 Annotation: On the Heavens is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise: written in 350 BC, it contains his astronomical theory and his ideas on the concrete workings of the terrestrial world. It should not be confused with the spurious work On the Universe (De mundo, also known as On the Cosmos). This work is significant as one of the defining pillars of the Aristotelian worldview, a school of philosophy that dominated intellectual thinking for almost two millennia. Similarly, this work and others by Aristotle were important seminal works from which much of scholasticism was derived. On the Gait of Animals
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 16 Size: 96 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:06 Annotation: Now of animals which change their position some move with the whole body at once, for example jumping animals, others move one part first and then the other, for example walking (and running) animals. In both these changes the moving creature always changes its position by pressing against what lies below it. On Sophistical Refutations
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 30 Size: 210 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:06 Annotation: Sophistical Refutations is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece. On Sleep and Sleeplessness
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 7 Size: 50 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:05 Annotation: Aristotle's On Sleep and Sleeplessness is a treatise on the nature of sleep and wakefulness. In it, Aristotle discusses the various causes of sleep and wakefulness, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of each. He also offers some practical advice on how to achieve a good night's sleep. On Sense and the Sensible
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 19 Size: 93 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:04 Annotation: Sense and Sensibilia (or On Sense and the Sensible, On Sense and What is Sensed, On Sense Perception) is one of the short treatises by Aristotle that make up the Parva Naturalia. On Memory and Reminiscence
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 9 Size: 72 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:04 Annotation: We have, in the next place, to treat of Memory and Remembering, considering its nature, its cause, and the part of the soul to which this experience, as well as that of Recollecting, belongs. For the persons who possess a retentive memory are not identical with those who excel in power of recollection; indeed, as a rule, slow people have a good memory, whereas those who are quick-witted and clever are better at recollecting. On Longevity and Shortness of Life
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 6 Size: 52 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:04 Annotation: On Length and Shortness of Life (or On Longevity and Shortness of Life; is a text by the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and one of the Parva Naturalia. On Interpretation
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 20 Size: 117 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:03 Annotation: De Interpretatione or On Interpretation is the second text from Aristotle's Organon and is among the earliest surviving philosophical works in the Western tradition to deal with the relationship between language and logic in a comprehensive, explicit, and formal way. The work is usually known by its Latin title. On Generation and Corruption
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 36 Size: 239 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:03 Annotation: Aristotle’s contributions to the physical sciences are less impressive than his researches in the life sciences. In works such as On Generation and Corruption and On the Heavens, he presented a world-picture that included many features inherited from his pre-Socratic predecessors. From Empedocles (c. 490–430 BCE) he adopted the view that the universe is ultimately composed of different combinations of the four fundamental elements of earth, water, air, and fire. Each element is characterized by the possession of a unique pair of the four elementary qualities of heat, cold, wetness, and dryness: earth is cold and dry, water is cold and wet, air is hot and wet, and fire is hot and dry. Each element has a natural place in an ordered cosmos, and each has an innate tendency to move toward this natural place. Thus, earthy solids naturally fall, while fire, unless prevented, rises ever higher. Other motions of the elements are possible but are “violent.” (A relic of Aristotle’s distinction is preserved in the modern-day contrast between natural and violent death.) On Dreams
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 8 Size: 64 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:02 Annotation: On Dreams (Ancient Greek: Περὶ ἐνυπνίων; Latin: De insomniis) is one of the short treatises that make up Aristotle's Parva Naturalia. The short text is divided into three chapters. In the first, Aristotle tries to determine whether dreams "pertain to the faculty of thought or to that of sense-perception." In the second chapter, he considers the circumstances of sleep and how the sense organs operate. Finally, in the third chapter he explains how dreams are caused, proposing that it is the residual movements of the sensory organs that allow them to arise. Nicomachean Ethics
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 182 Size: 369 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 16:00 Annotation: Previously published as Ethics, Aristotle's The Nicomachean Ethics addresses the question of how to live well and originates the concept of cultivating a virtuous character as the basis of his ethical system. Here Aristotle sets out to examine the nature of happiness, and argues that happiness consists in 'activity of the soul in accordance with virtue', including moral virtues, such as courage, generosity and justice, and intellectual virtues, such as knowledge, wisdom and insight. The Ethics also discusses the nature of practical reasoning, the value and the objects of pleasure, the different forms of friendship, and the relationship between individual virtue, society and the State. Aristotle's work has had a profound and lasting influence on all subsequent Western thought about ethical matters. Meteorology
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 56 Size: 300 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 15:56 Annotation: 'Meteorology' is Aristotle's treatise on meteorological sciences. Despite being written in classical antiquity, Aristotle makes some interesting early observations on weather phenomenon, water evaporation, and earthquakes. Anyone engaged in the study of the atmospheric and meteorological sciences, or those just interested in weather in general, will find that the historical perspective of this volume is of much interest. Metaphysics
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 149 Size: 590 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 15:55 Annotation: Metaphysics is the study of existence at the highest level of generality. It is traditionally characterised as the study of "being qua being" - of being in general rather than specifically of this or that sort. Accordingly, the salient task of the field is to achieve a clearer understanding of the concepts and principles of being, existence, and reality. As such, metaphysics has been an established sector of philosophy since the time of Aristotle's initial systematisation of the subject in the fourth century B.C.E.In line with tradition, distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher presents key topics that have always figured on the agenda of metaphysics: the nature and rationale of existence, the differentiation of what is actual from the unreal and mere possibility, and the prospects and limits of our knowledge of the real. Though a work of philosophical sophistication and logical rigour, "Metaphysics" displays a clarity of exposition that makes it suitable for use as a text or supplementary reader in upper-class undergraduate and graduate philosophy courses. The Categories
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 26 Size: 57 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 17.09.2024, 01:42 Annotation: The Categories is a text from Aristotle's Organon that enumerates all the possible kinds of things that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition. They are "perhaps the single most heavily discussed of all Aristotelian notions". The work is brief enough to be divided, not into books as is usual with Aristotle's works, but into fifteen chapters. The Categories places every object of human apprehension under one of ten categories (known to medieval writers as the Latin term praedicamenta). Aristotle intended them to enumerate everything that can be expressed without composition or structure, thus anything that can be either the subject or the predicate of a proposition. John Aubrey
A Brief Life of Thomas Hobbes
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 13 Size: 144 kB Book genre: biography Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 15:50 Annotation: The Malmesbury philosopher Thomas Hobbes famously said that life was 'nasty, brutish and short'; but, as Simon Webb's introduction makes clear, the author of 'Leviathan' was not entirely pessimistic, and only applied his most famous phrase to life lived amid political chaos. The life of Hobbes written by his close friend John Aubrey reveals a personality that could be blunt, but was never nasty or brutish. Though King Charles II thought him the 'oddest fellow he ever met with', Aubrey paints the picture of a great British thinker who was certainly eccentric, but was also one of the leading spirits of his age. Hippokratés z Kóu
The Oath of Hippocrates
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 3 Size: 30 kB Book genre: natural sciences Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 15:49 Annotation: The Hippocratic Oath, a seminal document on the ethics of medical practice, was attributed to Hippocrates in antiquity although new information shows it may have been written after his death. This is probably the most famous document of the Hippocratic Corpus. Recently the authenticity of the document's author has come under scrutiny. While the Oath is rarely used in its original form today, it serves as a foundation for other, similar oaths and laws that define good medical practice and morals. Such derivatives are regularly taken today by medical graduates about to enter medical practice. Alfred North Whitehead
Symbolismus, jeho význam a účin
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 30 Size: 325 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: Czech Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 15:46 Jiří Peterka
Co je čím v počítačových sítích
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 237 Size: 1,49 MB Book genre: computer literature Language: Czech Read: NO Added: 04.12.2005, 15:24
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