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Zikmund Winter
Život a učení na partikulárních školách v Čechách v XV. a XVI. století
Format: PDFNumber of pages: 844 Size: 27,89 MB Book genre: history Language: Czech Read: NO Added: 05.01.2019, 01:16 John Stuart Mill
Autobiography
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 170 Size: 172 kB Book genre: biography Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 17:24 Annotation: One of the greatest prodigies of his era, John Stuart Mill (1806-73) was studying arithmetic and Greek by the age of three, as part of an astonishingly intense education at his father's hand. Intellectually brilliant, fearless and profound, he became a leading Victorian liberal thinker, whose works - including On Liberty, Utilitarianism, The Subjection of Women and this autobiography - are among the crowning achievements of the age. Here he describes the pressures placed on him by his childhood, the mental breakdown he suffered as a young man, his struggle to understand a world of feelings and emotions far removed from his father's strict didacticism, and the later development of his own radical beliefs. A moving account of an extraordinary life, this great autobiography reveals a man of deep integrity, constantly searching for truth. Immanuel Kant
The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 31 Size: 35 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 17:20 Annotation: These are such moral qualities as, when a man does not possess them, he is not bound to acquire them. They are: the moral feeling, conscience, love of one's neighbour, and respect for ourselves (self-esteem). There is no obligation to have these, since they are subjective conditions of susceptibility for the notion of duty, not objective conditions of morality. Immanuel Kant
The Critique of Practical Reason
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 130 Size: 133 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 16:46 Annotation: This seminal text in the history of moral philosophy elaborates the basic themes of Kant's moral theory, gives the most complete statement of his highly original theory of freedom of the will, and develops his practical metaphysics. This new edition, prepared by an acclaimed translator and scholar of Kant's practical philosophy, presents the first new translation of the work to appear for some years, together with a substantial and lucid introduction. Immanuel Kant
Of the Injustice of Counterfeiting Books
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 9 Size: 12 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 16:43 Annotation: This essay of Kant’s on copyright argues that the unlicensed copying of books cannot possibly be permissible, due to the fact that it assumes a consent on the part of the author which it is logically impossible for the author to give. The argument is dependent upon an assumption that the writings be commodified, for the reason why the author is unable to possibly give consent to multiple publishers is due to the author’s will – to communicate with the public – necessitating the profitability of the publisher, for, it is assumed, there is no way to communicate with the public at large without a great expense which can only be borne by a publishing firm. This is, of course, no longer a necessary assumption. The Wisdom of Life
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 89 Size: 92 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 16:39 Annotation: A leading German metaphysician of the 19th century, Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) exerted an influence far beyond the hermetic world of philosophy, with adherents ranging from Richard Wagner and Friedrich Nietzsche to Leo Tolstoy and Thomas Mann. Among Schopenhauer's chief contributions to the field of philosophy are his rejection of the idealism of his contemporaries and his embrace of a practical variety of materialism. He jettisons the traditional philosophic jargon for a brisk, compelling style that employs direct terms to express the metaphysics of the will. The Art of Controversy
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 67 Size: 70 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 16:34 Annotation: Arthur Schopenhauer is one of the most important 19th century philosophers, most famous for his work, The World as Will and Representation. He is known for having espounced a sort of philosophical pessimism that saw life as being essentially evil and futile, but saw hope in aesthetics, sympathy for others and ascetic living. On Human Nature
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 74 Size: 76 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 16:32 Annotation: Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. He responded to and expanded upon Immanuel Kant's philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world. His critique of Kant, his creative solutions to the problems of human experience and his explication of the limits of human knowledge are among his most important achievements. His metaphysical theory is the foundation of his influential writings on psychology, aesthetics, ethics, and politics which influenced Friedrich Nietzsche, Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Sigmund Freud and others. He said he was influenced by the Upanishads, Immanuel Kant, and Plato. References to Eastern philosophy and religion appear frequently in his writing. He appreciated the teachings of the Buddha and even called himself a Buddhaist. He said that his philosophy could not have been conceived before these teachings were available. He called himself a Kantian. He formulated a pessimistic philosophy that gained importance and support after the failure of the German and Austrian revolutions of 1848. Essays
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 169 Size: 171 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.01.2019, 16:30 Annotation: Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. He responded to and expanded upon Immanuel Kant's philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world. His critique of Kant, his creative solutions to the problems of human experience and his explication of the limits of human knowledge are among his most important achievements. His metaphysical theory is the foundation of his influential writings on psychology, aesthetics, ethics, and politics which influenced Friedrich Nietzsche, Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Sigmund Freud and others. He said he was influenced by the Upanishads, Immanuel Kant, and Plato. References to Eastern philosophy and religion appear frequently in his writing. He appreciated the teachings of the Buddha and even called himself a Buddhaist. He said that his philosophy could not have been conceived before these teachings were available. He called himself a Kantian. He formulated a pessimistic philosophy that gained importance and support after the failure of the German and Austrian revolutions of 1848. Treatises on Friendship and Old Age
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 66 Size: 69 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 26.10.2018, 23:12 Annotation: This authoritative edition of Cicero's Treatises on Friendship and Old Age features the respected translation of E. S. Shuckburgh. The French Revolution
A History
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 826 Size: 828 kB Book genre: history Language: English Read: NO Added: 06.09.2018, 03:25 Annotation: The product of a powerful and original mind, this is the history that introduced English-speaking people to the full meaning and tragedy of the French Revolution. First published in 1837, this pioneering work established Thomas Carlyle's reputation as a historian of enduring scholarly and popular appeal. His scrupulous attention to facts and details, combined with his eloquence, poetic style, and moral energy, convey a spirited sense of reality. The dramatic narrative is populated by vivid characterizations of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, Mirabeau, Danton, Robespierre, Lafayette, Marat, and other heroes and villains of the era. Hérodotos
An Acount of Egypt
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 72 Size: 75 kB Book genre: history Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 13:59 Annotation: 'An Account of Egypt' is the story of Greek historian Herodotus' travels through the Ptolemaic Kingdom. It is a richly descriptive tale of ancient Egyptian customs, rituals and daily life from the legendary writer whom Cicero labeled 'The Father of History. Romane Questions
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 143 Size: 298 kB Book genre: history Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 13:55 Annotation: The Roman Questions is an attempt to explain one hundred and thirteen Roman customs, the majority of which deal with religious matters. The treatise is one of three similar compilations of which two have been preserved and one, the Quaestiones Barbaricae (No. 139 in Lamprias’s list), has been lost. Plutarch possessed a great desire to know the reason why: besides the many discussions of a similar sort contained in the Symposiacs (Table Talk), there is extant a discussion of Physical Causes, and the titles of other writings of the same sort have been preserved for us in Lamprias’s list of Plutarch’s writings. Díogenés Laertios
The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 462 Size: 493 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 13:51 Annotation: Very little is known about Diogenes Laertius, despite the fact he wrote some of the most influential accounts of the lives of the West’s best known philosophers. His mention of Sextus Empiricus means he lived after the 3rd century A.D., while Sopater quoted him in the 6th century. For that reason, historians believe he lived in the middle of the 4th century. In the ancient manuscripts of his work, he is invariably referred to as "Laertius Diogenes," thus giving the author his name. It’s unclear what the origin of his name is either, but his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers was written in Greek and professes to give an account of the lives and sayings of the Greek philosophers. The Lives has been one of the chief accounts of the philosophers’ lives, partly because other documents no longer exist, leaving Laertius as one of the few comprehensive accounts available. Even still, it’s not clear that Laertius’ entire work survived the Middle Ages; 14th century discussions of his work suggest there was a lot more than currently exists today. Regardless, the Lives are one of the best ways for today’s readers to understand the lives of famous ancient philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, and over 70 others. Thomas Henry Huxley
Evolution and Ethics, and Other Essays
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 224 Size: 224 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 13:49 Annotation: Let us now imagine that some administrative authority, as far superior in power and intelligence to men, as men are to their cattle, is set over the colony, charged to deal with its human elements in such a manner as to assure the victory of the settlement over the antagonistic influences of the state of nature in which it is set down. He would proceed in the same fashion as that in which the gardener dealt with his garden. Franz Kafka
The Trial
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 164 Size: 165 kB Book genre: fiction Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 12:12 Annotation: Written in 1914 but not published until 1925, a year after Kafka’s death, The Trial is the terrifying tale of Josef K., a respectable bank officer who is suddenly and inexplicably arrested and must defend himself against a charge about which he can get no information. Whether read as an existential tale, a parable, or a prophecy of the excesses of modern bureaucracy wedded to the madness of totalitarianism, The Trial has resonated with chilling truth for generations of readers. The Ethics
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 231 Size: 230 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 12:09 Annotation: Aristotle conceives of ethical theory as a field distinct from the theoretical sciences. Its methodology must match its subject matter—good action—and must respect the fact that in this field many generalizations hold only for the most part. We study ethics in order to improve our lives, and therefore its principal concern is the nature of human well-being. Aristotle follows Socrates and Plato in taking the virtues to be central to a well-lived life. Like Plato, he regards the ethical virtues (justice, courage, temperance and so on) as complex rational, emotional and social skills. But he rejects Plato's idea that to be completely virtuous one must acquire, through a training in the sciences, mathematics, and philosophy, an understanding of what goodness is. What we need, in order to live well, is a proper appreciation of the way in which such goods as friendship, pleasure, virtue, honor and wealth fit together as a whole. In order to apply that general understanding to particular cases, we must acquire, through proper upbringing and habits, the ability to see, on each occasion, which course of action is best supported by reasons. Therefore practical wisdom, as he conceives it, cannot be acquired solely by learning general rules. We must also acquire, through practice, those deliberative, emotional, and social skills that enable us to put our general understanding of well-being into practice in ways that are suitable to each occasion. Amusements in Mathematics
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 411 Size: 6,06 MB Book genre: logic and mathematics Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 12:07 Annotation: The legion of H. E. Dudeney fans needs no introduction to the first American edition of this endlessly entertaining and instructive volume of mathematical amusements. New readers will be delighted with the 430 puzzles, problems, paradoxes, and brain-teasers presented by a master of mathematical ingenuity. John Stevens Cabot Abbott
George Washington
or, Life in American One Hundred Years Ago
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 218 Size: 808 kB Book genre: biography Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 11:54 Annotation: AS Columbus and La Salle were the most prominent of the Pioneers of America, so was Washington the most illustrious of its Patriots. In the career of Columbus we have a vivid Sketch of life in the tropical portions of the New World four hundred years ago. John Stevens Cabot Abbott
Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 188 Size: 189 kB Book genre: biography Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2018, 11:48 Annotation: This engrossing work details the early history of the colonization of Manhattan and its surrounding regions from the exploration of the Hudson River in 1610 through to the final surrender of the colony to the English in 1664. The thoroughly-researched history takes the reader through the trials and tribulations of colonists, Indians, slaves, soldiers, and politicians alike. Hardships, religious struggles, and Indian wars dominated the early history of the settlement, but Peter Stuyvesant’s rule was marked by many building projects, of which the end results are still seen today: a protective wall (“Wall Street”), the canal that became Broad Street, and Broadway. The author writes with objectivity about the suffering of colonists, Indians, and slaves—and of the fighting between the English and Dutch over possession of the colony. “It is impossible to understand the very remarkable character and career of Peter Stuyvesant, the last, and by far the most illustrious, of the Dutch governors of New Amsterdam, without an acquaintance with the early history of the Dutch colonies upon the Hudson and the Delaware. Peter Stuyvesant leads us to the Hudson, from the time when its majestic waters were disturbed only by the arrowy flight of the birch canoe, till European colonization had laid there the foundations of one of the most flourishing cities on this globe.” The Time Machine
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 74 Size: 76 kB Book genre: sci-fi & fantasy Language: English Read: NO Added: 03.02.2018, 16:59 Annotation: So begins the Time Traveller’s astonishing firsthand account of his journey 800,000 years beyond his own era—and the story that launched H.G. Wells’s successful career and earned him his reputation as the father of science fiction. With a speculative leap that still fires the imagination, Wells sends his brave explorer to face a future burdened with our greatest hopes...and our darkest fears. A pull of the Time Machine’s lever propels him to the age of a slowly dying Earth. There he discovers two bizarre races—the ethereal Eloi and the subterranean Morlocks—who not only symbolize the duality of human nature, but offer a terrifying portrait of the men of tomorrow as well. Published in 1895, this masterpiece of invention captivated readers on the threshold of a new century. Thanks to Wells’s expert storytelling and provocative insight, The Time Machinewill continue to enthrall readers for generations to come. The Right to Ignore the State
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 15 Size: 54 kB Book genre: politology Language: English Read: NO Added: 25.09.2024, 18:52 Annotation: "The Right to Ignore the State" by Herbert Spencer delves into the concept of citizens' right to disconnect from the state and refuse to pay taxes. Spencer argues for individual freedom and criticizes legislative authority, advocating for the recognition of the right to ignore the state in both religious and secular matters. The book explores Anarchist Communism principles, promoting freedom from government control and private ownership. It emphasizes education, organization, and resistance to establish a society based on equality and well-being for all. Howard Hensman
The Afghan War of 1879-80
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 571 Size: 1,22 MB Book genre: non-fiction Language: English Read: NO Added: 28.09.2017, 11:39 Annotation: The Afghan War of 1879–80 is a detailed account of the final phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80), consisting of a reprinting in book form of letters originally written from the field and published in an Indian newspaper. The author, Howard Hensman, was a special correspondent of the Allahabad Pioneer. He was the only journalist to accompany the Anglo-Indian Kurram Valley Field Force that marched from Ali Kheyl, Afghanistan, to Kabul in the fall of 1879 following the uprising of Afghan forces in Kabul in September of that year and the massacre of the British envoy, Sir Louis Cavagnari, and other British officials in the city. The first letter is dated September 28, 1879, the last September 20, 1880. Brief explanatory texts are used to introduce some of the letters and provide context. Each letter runs to several pages, and collectively they offer a vivid first-hand account of the war as seen from a British perspective. Hensman describes, for example, the courageous charge by Afghan Ghazis at the Battle of Ahmed Khel (April 19, 1880) and the desperate, hand-to-hand fighting with British, Sikh, and Gurkha troops that ensued; the Battle of Maiwand (July 27, 1880), in which a force of 2,500 British and Indian troops was routed by a much larger Afghan force; and many other engagements. The book contains ten detailed foldout maps of the major military operations and battles of the war. A short appendix provides information about the heights above sea level of places in Afghanistan, distances by road between key points, and transportation in the Indian army. Why Men Fight
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 139 Size: 234 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 28.09.2017, 11:33 Annotation: Written in response to the devastation of World War I, "Why Men Fight" lays out Bertrand Russell's ideas on war, pacifism, reason, impulse, and personal liberty. Russell argues that when individuals live passionately, they will have no desire for war or killing. Conversely, excessive restraint or reason causes us to live unnaturally and with hostility toward those who are unlike ourselves. The War of the Worlds
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 136 Size: 137 kB Book genre: fiction Language: English Read: NO Added: 02.09.2017, 12:04 Annotation: With H.G. Wells’ other novels, The War of the Worlds was one of the first and greatest works of science fiction ever to be written. Even long before man had learned to fly, H.G. Wells wrote this story of the Martian attack on England. These unearthly creatures arrive in huge cylinders, from which they escape as soon as the metal is cool. The first falls near Woking and is regarded as a curiosity rather than a danger until the Martians climb out of it and kill many of the gaping crowd with a Heat-Ray. These unearthly creatures have heads four feet in diameter and colossal round bodies, and by manipulating two terrifying machines – the Handling Machine and the Fighting Machine – they are as versatile as humans and at the same time insuperable. They cause boundless destruction. The inhabitants of the Earth are powerless against them, and it looks as if the end of the World has come. But there is one factor which the Martians, in spite of their superior intelligence, have not reckoned on. It is this which brings about a miraculous conclusion to this famous work of the imagination. The Life of Friedrich Nietzsche
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 297 Size: 438 kB Book genre: biography Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2016, 22:59 Annotation: biographical exploration of the influential German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Halévy traces Nietzsche's intellectual development, personal struggles, and the evolution of his groundbreaking philosophical ideas, including concepts like the "will to power" and "Übermensch." The book delves into Nietzsche's relationships, health challenges, and eventual mental breakdown, offering a nuanced portrait of a complex thinker whose works continue to shape modern thought. Halévy's account combines biographical detail with an insightful analysis of Nietzsche's writings and their impact. America and the World War
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 171 Size: 346 kB Book genre: non-fiction Language: English Read: NO Added: 04.12.2016, 22:56 Annotation: The one permanent move for obtaining peace, which has not yet been suggested, with any reasonable chance of attaining its object, is by an agreement among the great powers, in which each should pledge itself not only to abide by the decisions of a common tribunal but to back with force the decisions of that common tribunal. The great civilized nations of the world which do possess force, actual or immediately potential, should combine by solemn agreement in a great World League for the Peace of Righteousness. -from "World Peace" Theodore Roosevelt was still a young man when he left the Oval Office, and he remained a vigorous force on the American scene. The great influence he continued to hold over the public allowed him to contest the policies of President Woodrow Wilson, particularly Wilson's conduct in the leadup to America's belated entry into World War I. In this 1915 work, Roosevelt lays out the moral and political case for coming to the aid of the nation's European allies, from the ethics of self-defense to the practicalities of preparing for war. Roosevelt's arguments are compelling and humane, but agree with him or not, here is an essential part of the powerful basis for his place in American history as the architect of the American Century, as well as a revealing picture of the character of one of the great American personalities. Also available from Cosimo Classics: Roosevelt's Letters to His Children, A Book-Lover's Holidays in the Open, Through the Brazilian Wilderness and Papers on Natural History, Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail, The Strenuous Life: Essays and Addresses, and Historic Towns: New York OF INTEREST TO: Roosevelt fans, students of the American presidency, readers of World War I Politician and soldier, naturalist and historian, American icon THEODORE ROOSEVELT (1858-1919) was 26th President of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909, and the first American to win a Nobel Prize, in 1906, when he was awarded the Peace Prize for mediating the Russo-Japanese War. He is the author of 35 books. Joseph Rudyard Kipling
The Jungle Book
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 110 Size: 112 kB Book genre: fiction Language: English Read: NO Added: 14.10.2016, 11:44 Annotation: This classic book by Rudyard Kipling is telling the story of the adventures of Mowgli who is raised by wolves in the jungles of India. Niccolo Machiavelli
The Prince
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 113 Size: 115 kB Book genre: politology Language: English Read: NO Added: 09.09.2016, 23:21 Annotation: THE PRINCE was written by Niccolo' Machiavelli in the 1500s. It has continued to be a best seller in many languages. Presently, it is translated into modern English, with illustrations by Benjamin Martinez and an Introduction by Adolph Cso. Immanuel Kant
Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
Format: EPUBNumber of pages: 121 Size: 124 kB Book genre: philosophy Language: English Read: NO Added: 19.08.2016, 11:47 Annotation: Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will Be Able to Present Itself as a Science (German: Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik, die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten können) is a book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, published in 1783, two years after the first edition of his Critique of Pure Reason. One of Kant's shorter works, it contains a summary of the Critique‘s main conclusions, sometimes byarguments Kant had not used in the Critique. Kant characterizes his more accessible approach here as an "analytic" one, as opposed to the Critique‘s "synthetic" examination of successive faculties of the mind and their principles. The book is also intended as a polemic. Kant was disappointed by the poor reception of the Critique of Pure Reason, and here he repeatedly emphasizes the importance of its critical project for the very existence ofmetaphysics as a science. The final appendix contains a detailed rebuttal to an unfavorable review of the Critique.
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